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Abnormal Personality in Functional Somatic Syndromes
Published in Peter Manu, The Psychopathology of Functional Somatic Syndromes, 2020
The diagnosis of late luteal phase dysphoric disorder was based on the data collected daily for two cycles. The structured instrument used for this purpose recorded the presence of symptoms required for the diagnosis, as well as the necessary difference in symptom severity between the follicular and luteal phase of the cycles, and thus allowed diagnoses conforming to the U.S. standard (American Psychiatric Association, 1987). Psychiatric disorders were identified with the Structured Clinical Interview (SCID), a well-validated instrument with high reliability (Williams et al., 1992; Spitzer et al., 1992). A separate interview evaluated the presence of personality disorders with a related diagnostic tool (Spitzer et al., 1987). Depressive symptomatology was assessed with an instrument known to be sensitive to changes produced by physical illness (Montgomery and Asberg, 1979). The Buss-Darkee Hostility Inventory (Buss and Darkee, 1957) was used to assess motor aggression (assault against people, assault against objects, verbal assault, and irritability), hostility (resentment and suspicion), negativism, and guilt.
Working with People in Contact with the Criminal Justice System and in Secure Environments
Published in James Matheson, John Patterson, Laura Neilson, Tackling Causes and Consequences of Health Inequalities, 2020
Statistics show that 9 out of 10 people in prison in the UK have evidence of mental health problems (including substance misuse) although only around half have a diagnosis. This is significantly higher than in the general population. Problems with sleep, anxiety and depression are particularly common, and greater in those on remand and approaching release. Personality disorders are present in around 70% of men and 50% of women, which is 12 times higher than in the general population. Psychotic disorders are 16 times higher in prison that in the general population, 7% of people in prison have a severe enduring mental illness and 12–15% have 4–5 co-existing mental health disorders [21].
Personality
Published in Mohamed Ahmed Abd El-Hay, Understanding Psychology for Medicine and Nursing, 2019
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, fifth edition (DSM-5) (American Psychiatric Association, 2013), a personality disorder is an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectation of the individual’s culture, that is pervasive and inflexible, has an onset in adolescence or early adulthood, is stable over time, and leads to distress or significant impairment in social functioning. Personality disorders may manifest as problems in cognition (ways of perceiving and thinking about self and others), affect (range, intensity, and appropriateness of emotional response), and/or behavior (interpersonal functioning, occupational and social functioning, and impulse control). To diagnose personality disorders, the observed manifestations should not be part of social and cultural norms, and should not be due to other conditions (such as psychosis, mood disorder, substance abuse, or general medical condition). The symptoms that characterize personality disorders are often similar to those of other disorders and illnesses.
Implementing a Suicide Audit in Montreal: Taking Suicide Review Further to Make Concrete Recommendations for Suicide Prevention
Published in Archives of Suicide Research, 2023
Alain Lesage, Gabrielle Fortin, Fabienne Ligier, Ian Van Haaster, Claude Doyon, Charlie Brouillard, Diane Daneau, Jessica Rassy
Our results are also similar to those of the New Brunswick suicide audit. A similar prevalence of personality disorders was observed. Indeed, half of the suicides in that study were affected with these and one quarter suffered specifically from a cluster B type personality disorder (Seguin et al., 2007). Our results showed a high rate of substance use disorder (53%), as was the case in the New Brunswick audit population (59%), and a similar mental health and addiction services utilization profile in the year prior to death. Consequently, both audits generated recommendations for greater integration of specialized mental health and addiction services. In half of the cases, the recommendations were for raising the level of public awareness and for training professionals in order to improve their capacity to treat, detect and make referrals for substance use disorder and mental illness. In the UK, the NCISH, too, has recommended the use of mobile crisis intervention teams to prevent suicide. These 24-h crisis teams respond promptly to mental health crises in the community to avoid hospital admission when possible. Of the nine key NCISH suicide prevention recommendations evaluated, the deployment of these teams was associated with the largest reduction in the suicide rate (While et al., 2012).
Expanding the clinical and genetic spectrum of SQSTM1-related disorders in family with personality disorder and frontotemporal dementia
Published in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration, 2021
Sara Llamas-Velasco, Ana Arteche-López, Antonio Méndez-Guerrero, Verónica Puertas Martín, Juan Francisco Quesada Espinosa, Jose Miguel Lezana Rosales, Marta González-Sánchez, Victor Antonio Blanco-Palmero, Carmen Palma Milla, Alejandro Herrero-San Martín, Daniel Borrego-Hernández, Alberto García-Redondo, David Andrés Pérez-Martínez, Alberto Villarejo-Galende
Our patient showed personality disorder cluster A since youth, and his father and two sons also had a personality disorder. Cognitive evaluation, brain MRI, and brain FDG-PET were performed on both sons without evidence of relevant findings during the study. In the literature, only one patient of the 57 FTLD collected subjects had a previous history of psychiatric disorder described as endogenous depression, schizophrenia, and schizoaffective disorder. The age at onset of her bvFTD was unknown, and she had a father and brother diagnosed with schizophrenia. She was heterozygous for losing the function p.W321* variant in the SQSTM1 gene, but information on the segregation analysis was unavailable (29). The development of personality disorders is believed to be caused by the contribution and interaction between genetic and environmental factors. A cluster in several families and different gene polymorphisms have been suggested as the associated genetic component (30). No isolated pathogenic gene variant has been reported to date. Parentaly provided reared environment could have impacted offspring behaviors being the finding of this genetic variant incidental. However, a recent systematic review showed that parental genes could have an underlying influence of this factor, as indirect genetic nurturing effect, proposing a gene-enviroment correlation (31).
Exploring Clinician Wellbeing within a Mentalization-Based Treatment Service for Adult Offending Males with Antisocial Personality Disorder in the Community
Published in International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 2021
Psychological interventions for individuals with personality disorders have received significant attention within recent literature (Bateman et al., 2015). Personality disorders are usually characterized by persistent difficulties in social functioning, impulse control and affect regulation (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Numerous personality disorders have been outlined in diagnostic manuals, although there is limited evidence surrounding effective treatments; particularly for antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) (Livesley, 2007). Individuals with ASPD are described as those engaging in repetitive, irresponsible, criminal and delinquent behaviors (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Consequently, these individuals are regularly rejected from services or refuse treatment (Reid & Gacono, 2000). When engaging, poor attendance and persistent boundary violations leave staff feeling overwhelmed, often resulting in poor therapeutic outcomes (O’Brien et al., 2009).