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From young victim to perpetrator
Published in Panos Vostanis, Helping Children and Young People Who Experience Trauma, 2021
One construct particularly stands out, across fiction, popular media and law. But what do we really mean by ‘psychopathy’? Some view it as the extreme of antisocial personality disorder, or a ‘chronic disturbance in relations with self, others and the wider environment that result in inability to fulfil social roles’. Psychopathy includes distinct features of shallow emotions, callousness, lack of remorse, self-centredness combined with lack of empathy, and often superficial charm. There is an irony in its Greek origin of ψνχη (psyche = mind or soul) and παθοζ (pathos = suffering, or evoking feelings), as it rather denotes the absence of such emotional components from that individual, in contrast with the responses it provokes from others. Is somebody born with it or do they acquire it over time? Traits could arguably be seen in people who do not necessarily commit crime or violence, but who are simply deeply egocentric and unpopular, although uncovering them can take time. In its severe and ‘active’ forms, a number of factors appear to interplay, by when such patterns are difficult both to predict and to change. The interpersonal and affective criteria of psychopathy, rather than its socially deviant behaviours, appear to distinguish it from the broader and pretty heterogeneous construct of antisocial personality disorder.
What to listen for: psychological medicine
Published in Barry Bub, Communication Skills that Heal, 2020
There is no effective therapeutic intervention for individuals with Antisocial Personality Disorder. The other personality disorders or adaptations may benefit from long-term therapy given by highly trained psychotherapists or psychiatrists.
Social Psychology
Published in Mohamed Ahmed Abd El-Hay, Understanding Psychology for Medicine and Nursing, 2019
There is strong evidence of hereditary influences on aggression, especially in animals (Bushman & Huesmann, 2010). In one study, interbreeding the most aggressive members of a large group of mice for 25 generations led to breeding of animals that immediately attacked any mouse put in their cage, while continuous inbreeding of the least aggressive members of the original group produced animals that were so docile that they did not fight, even when attacked (Lagerspetz & Lagerspetz, 1983). Similarly, follow-up of human twins reared together or apart suggests that there is a genetic component of aggression in people (Vierikko, Pulkkinen, Kaprio, & Rose, 2006). However, other studies suggest the tendency to be aggressive is not necessarily inherited, instead, a person may inherit certain temperaments, such as impulsiveness or emotional oversensitivity in social situations, that in turn make aggression more likely (Alia-Klein et al., 2009; Eisenberger, Way, Taylor, Welch, & Lieberman, 2007). Having a family history of antisocial personality disorder has been shown to increase the risk of development of conduct disorder, aggression, and antisocial behavior in children (Green & Kowalick, 1997).
Factor Structure of the FFM ATM: Antagonism, Emotional Stability, Impulsivity, and Agency
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2023
Leigha Rose, Michael L. Crowe, Brinkley M. Sharpe, Kaela Van Til, Donald R. Lynam, Joshua D. Miller
At the two-factor level, Boldness (F2.2) and Externalizing (F2.1) domains break off from the primary factor. The Externalizing factor might also be conceptualized as antisocial personality disorder and its break from boldness is consistent with described differences between psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder with the former containing content that is mostly adaptive in nature whereas the latter does not. These two factors are also reminiscent of the two factors identified within the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (Lilienfeld & Andrews, 1996) – self-centered impulsivity and fearless dominance. At the three-factor level, the Externalizing factor breaks into Antagonism and Impulsivity, revealing a structure similar to Patrick et al. (2009) Triarchic Psychopathy model which consists of meanness, disinhibition, and boldness.
Adult antisocial behavior and its relationship to the diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder in a longitudinal study of homelessness
Published in Journal of Social Distress and Homelessness, 2021
Vinay S. Kotamarti, Carol S. North, David E. Pollio
The characteristic features of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) are violation of the rights of others and lack of conformity to social norms (Robins & Regier, 1991). The disorder begins in childhood with conduct disorder manifested by a variety of behavior problems at home and at school and continues into adulthood with failure to conform to social norms pertaining to work, family, and personal relationships (Robins & Regier, 1991). The general population lifetime prevalence of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) has been estimated between 2.6 and 3.6%, with higher rates in men (4.5–5.8%) than in women (0.8–1.9%) (Compton, Conway, Stinson, Colliver, & Grant, 2005; Kessler et al., 1994; Robins & Regier, 1991). ASPD disproportionately affects the homeless population, with lifetime rates estimated to be 21–22% of men and 10% of women (Koegel, Burnam, & Farr, 1988; North, Smith, & Spitznagel, 1993). Members of homeless populations with ASPD have earlier onset and greater chronicity of homelessness (North, Pollio, Smith, & Spitznagel, 1998).
Tobacco use disorder: Prevalence, associated factors and its influence on quality of life among patients on methadone assisted treatment
Published in Journal of Addictive Diseases, 2020
Chee Hoong Moey, Anne Yee, Suhana Binti Muhamud @ Kayat
When assessed for psychiatric disorders using M.I.N.I., 7.6% (n = 13) of the patients were diagnosed to have non-substance use (SUD) Axis I disorder. Anxiety disorder was the most prevalent non-SUD Axis I disorder (6.5%, n = 11), followed by depressive disorder (4.7%, n = 8). Approximately one-fifth of the patients (21.1%, n = 36) were diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among patients on MAT in this study was noticeably lower compared to rates reported in the United States (ranged 44%-47%).18,19 The studies from the United States were prospective in design, and therefore the subjects were recruited and assessed for psychiatric comorbidities during the early phase of MAT (within 6 weeks). In contrast, more than half of the participants in this study had been receiving MAT for at least one year before recruitment. Long-term MAT was effective in normalizing the patients’ psychopathological manifestations,20 which may explain the lower rates of psychiatric disorders in this study.