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Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder
Published in Tricia L. Chandler, Fredrick Dombrowski, Tara G. Matthews, Co-occurring Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders, 2022
Fredrick Dombrowski, Natasha Chung, Robert Yates
The DSM-5 describes symptoms of inattention as off-task behaviors, wandering, disorganization, and lack of persistence or focus that does not occur due issues of comprehension or defiant behaviors. A person may seem distracted or forgetful, missing out on commitments they have made to friends and family. Hyperactivity can present as excessive and inappropriate motor activity in children and adults and as extreme restlessness in adulthood. Impulsivity includes actions that are hasty and initiated without forethought and that have potential to harm, as well as failure to consider long-term consequences and social intrusiveness (APA, 2013). While those living with ADHD may identify how illicit substance use can provide initial relief of symptoms, the compounding effects of ongoing substance use coupled with symptoms of co-occurring disorders on a bedrock of lack of attention and impulsivity indicates a need for multimodal treatment to assist those in this category (Maté, 2019).
Degenerative Diseases of the Nervous System
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
James A. Mastrianni, Elizabeth A. Harris
No specific treatment is available to reverse or slow the progression of FTD. Caregiver education regarding the nature of the disease is key to management. Family members should be counseled on how to manage behavioral improprieties, impulsivity, etc. Support groups for family members should be offered as a mechanism to learn behavioral management techniques.
Integrative Psychotherapy for Holistic Neurorehabilitation
Published in Giles N. Yeates, Fiona Ashworth, Psychological Therapies in Acquired Brain Injury, 2019
The “common factors” emphasis was to fortify a working alliance between Ruth and her interdisciplinary team and then inculcate an awareness and acceptance of her ABI-related sequelae, with embracement of vital tools to serve realistic and attainable goals. ‘Technical eclecticism’ and ‘assimilative integration’ integrative psychotherapy methods employed individual and group psychotherapy venues and adjunct psychiatric treatment. PEM psychoeducation and skills training stimulated Ruth’s use of a personalised datebook and HIC to account for her memory and attention challenges and executive dysfunction. After seeking specialised training in developmental psychology, the psychotherapist helped Ruth develop ‘Golden Rules’ (e.g., be sensitive to the needs of others, listen more, avoid excuse making, avoid negotiating, take notes and avoid finding loopholes) and a ‘Professional Behaviours’ log, both of which provided a behaviour modification rubric and instantaneous feedback about moral transgressions. A work-like ‘probationary status’ was implemented to coach accountability. This was supplemented with essay writing and teachings on fundamental moral principles, such as integrity, respect and gratitude. Psychiatric expertise proffered a mood stabiliser to reduce impulsivity.
When the UPPS-P Model of Impulsivity Meets a Revised Approach: The Development and Validation of the TRUE Multidimensional Impulsivity Scale
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2023
İrem Türkmen, Nilay Rodoplu, B. Simay Üner, Şeref Can Esmer, Ayşe Altan-Atalay, Berivan Ece
The construct validity of TRUE-MIS was assessed through its association with self-control. As expected, the subscales displayed significant negative correlations with self-control since its conceptualization often includes one’s ability to override their impulses (Tangney et al., 2004). Previous literature also indicated the link between each aspect of impulsivity and self-control (e.g., Brevers et al., 2017). Specifically, IU and self-control might be in association due to the effortful emotion control processes (see Vohs & Baumeister, 2016, for a review). Balancing momentary urges while considering the social norms might also require an effortful process, potentially explaining the relation between SU and self-control. Domain-general cognitive processes, on the other hand, might account for the association of self-control with lack of premeditation and perseverance. Particularly, premeditation is the goal-related rational thinking style, related to the ability to contemplate on different possibilities before making a decision (Zermatten et al., 2005). Such a process is associated with self-control as well (Allom et al., 2016). Further, perseverance refers to maintain a task, utilizing inhibitory and self-control (Gay et al., 2008; Tsukayama et al., 2012)., suggesting the convergent validity of each subscale.
Is the pharmacological management of bulimia nervosa plausible?
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2020
The underlying etiology of BN is not well understood. BN has been associated with inadequate mechanisms to control food intake beyond one's physiological needs, and behavioral traits could contribute [3]. One of those traits is altered emotion regulation, the process responsible for monitoring, evaluating, and modifying emotional reactions. Individuals with BN have difficulties modulating strong emotions and controlling rash, impulsive response. Most, but not all studies suggest that negative affect precedes binge-eating episodes, followed by initial relief. Impulsivity is a trait to react rapidly to stimuli without regard for potential negative consequences. Binge-eating behaviors frequently occur impulsively in response to external or internal triggers, and increased impulsivity has been found in BN. Negative urgency, the tendency to experience strong impulses under the influence of negative emotions or to act rashly when distressed, has also been associated with BN. Another trait, sensitivity to reward, described in the reinforcement sensitivity theory, was elevated in BN and it has been hypothesized that an imbalance between reward sensitivity, impulsivity, and inhibition are mechanistically involved in driving binge-eating episodes.
Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) and Gaming Disorder among Chinese University Students: Impulsivity and Game Time as Mediators
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2020
Li Li, Mark D. Griffiths, Zhimin Niu, Songli Mei
Impulsivity is associated with a variety of features such as carelessness, impatience, seeking excitement, taking risks, and lack of deep thinking (Chamberlain & Sahakian, 2007; Savci & Aysan, 2016). Loss of control (i.e., diminished impulse control) is central in problematic mobile phone use (Billieux, 2012) as well as a key component of all kinds of addictive behaviors (Canale et al., 2015; Cao et al., 2007; Weafer et al., 2014). In addition, impulsivity has been found as one of the most predictive personality factors of IGD/GD, especially in adolescent and emerging adult populations (Argyriou et al., 2017; Bargeron & Hormes, 2017; González -Bueso et al., 2018; Hu et al., 2017; Kim et al., 2017; Paulus et al., 2018; Şalvarlı & Griffiths, 2019b). Self-determination theory and recent studies have suggested that poor self-control (i.e., impulsivity, deficits in the ability to regulate emotion and behaviors) may be one mechanism by which daily need frustration (i.e., being unable to meet basic needs such as autonomy, competence and relatedness) is associated with IGD symptoms (Allen & Anderson, 2018; Mills et al., 2018). Mills and Allen (2020) have reported that daily need frustration on GD may be mediated via impaired self-control.