China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
The Narcissistic Couple
Published in Len Sperry, Katherine Helm, Jon Carlson, The Disordered Couple, 2019
This reinforcement system has been referred to as the Contextual Reinforcement Model (Campbell & Campbell, 2009). Narcissists strive to be likeable, in many scenarios by many people. Although charming at first, they are usually less likeable over time because they are overly confident and make risky decisions. The partner in the relationship is crucial to this reinforcement system. The partner often has a positive relationship with the narcissist initially and then becomes cognizant of the detrimental impacts the narcissist has on their life. Unfortunately, narcissists’ behaviors tend to become more negative as time progresses; therefore, their partners also experience more negativity over time. As a result, individuals with NPD repeatedly seek new relationships that will maintain their narcissistic esteem instead of staying in relationships that do not (Campbell & Campbell, 2009).
Personality disorders
Published in Michael I Levi, Basic Notes in Psychiatry, 2019
Narcissistic personality disorder – grandiose sense of self-importance; preoccupation with fantasies of unlimited success, power and intellectual brilliance; attention demanding but show little warm feeling in return; exploitative but do not give favours in return.
Personality
Published in Ben Green, Problem-based Psychiatry, 2018
The narcissistic personality disorder has characteristics which include a lack of empathy a tendency to be grandiose and a requirement for the admiration of others for achievements which are not seen as particularly remarkable by others.
Development and Validation of the Praise, Indulgence, and Status Parenting Scale
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2020
Kristel Thomassin, Lauren Fay Wilson, Rachel Vaughn-Coaxum, W. Keith Campbell, Amos Zeichner, Joshua D. Miller
A more nuanced understanding of praise, indulgence, and status parenting could also have important clinical implications. For example, the etiology of narcissistic personality disorder is complex, but previous research has highlighted parenting as an important contributing factor (Kernberg, 1975; Millon, 1981). Identifying the complex relations between praise, indulgence, status, and views of the self (e.g., self-esteem, narcissism) might provide a means to prevent or reduce the effect of these parenting approaches on negative outcomes. Further, several evidence-based therapies for childhood problems place emphasis on parental praise, particularly as a means of positively reinforcing good behavior. Practitioners and clients alike might benefit from a deeper understanding of the distinction between praise (and the mechanisms by which praise could enhance self-esteem) and overpraise, including how overpraise, or indulgence, might paradoxically confer risk for unstable, inflated self-esteem, entitlement, and narcissism.
The Dark Tetrad at Work
Published in Human Performance, 2020
Tabatha Thibault, E. Kevin Kelloway
As typically defined, the Dark Triad comprises (sub-clinical) narcissism, Machiavellianism, and (sub-clinical) psychopathy. Each of these personality traits are linked through their general lack of empathy (Wai & Tiliopoulos, 2012). Individuals high in narcissism hold a grandiose sense of self-importance, a tendency to feel entitled, and are often arrogant and exploitative (DeShong et al., 2015). Narcissists are self-absorbed, crave attention, and tend to self-promote (O’Boyle et al., 2012). Subclinical narcissism has the same facets as the clinical variant (grandiosity, entitlement, dominance, and superiority) but does not hinder day-to-day functioning as narcissistic personality disorder would (Hogan & Hogan, 2001). Those high in Machiavellianism have a tendency to use manipulative tactics to get their way, lie frequently, and take revenge against others (Dahling, Whitaker, & Levy, 2009; Paulhus, 2014). Machiavellianism is associated with competitiveness and a cynical view of the world (Jones & Paulhus, 2014). Those high in sub-clinical psychopathy lack social regulatory mechanisms, tend to be impulsive, and lack guilt or remorse (Williams & Paulhus, 2004). The impulsiveness of those high in everyday psychopathy is attributed to boredom or sensation seeking (Levenson, Kiehl, & Fitzpatrick, 1995). Psychopathy is associated with an inability to form close attachments (Lilienfeld & Andrews, 1996). In its subclinical form, psychopathy may not be associated with the unstable antisocial lifestyle characteristic of a clinically defined psychopath (Murphy & Vess, 2003).
Do Prisoners Mentalize Differently? Investigating Attachment and Reflective Functioning in a Sample of Incarcerated Lebanese Men
Published in International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 2020
Rudy Abi-Habib, Nourhane Wehbe, Karim Badr, Pia Tohme
At odds with the literature finding a correlation between deficits in RF and Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) in Western samples, our results failed to support the hypothesis correlating RF capacities, attachment, and narcissistic traits. This could be explained in one of two ways. First, it could be argued that the significant correlation reported in the literature was based on participants diagnosed with NPD (Brennan & Shaver, 1998; Dimaggio et al., 2002; 2007), whereas the sample in the present study scored averagely on a scale assessing narcissistic traits, therefore not necessarily meeting the threshold for a NPD diagnosis. In fact, when the sample was divided into concerning and average NPI scores, only 8 participants met the criteria of concerning scores, thus being at risk of fitting the criteria of NPD. On the other hand, studies based on self-report questionnaires reporting a significant correlation between narcissism and violent behaviors have found that the former only added to the influence of the lack of empathy to explain these behaviors (Barry et al., 2007; Hepper et al., 2014; Lowenstein et al., 2016). This is more in line with our findings highlighting the role of empathy, in our model, albeit weak, measured by the perspective taking and empathic concern subscales.