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SBA Answers
Published in Justin C. Konje, Complete Revision Guide for MRCOG Part 2, 2019
A Chlamydia trachomatisPID is the result of infection ascending from the endocervix causing endometritis, salpingitis, parametritis, oophoritis, tubo-ovarian abscess and/or pelvic peritonitis. Neisseria gonorrhoea and Chlamydia trachomatis have been identified as causative agents but account for only a quarter of cases in the UK, whilst Gardnerella vaginalis, anaerobes and other organisms commonly found in the vagina may also be implicated. Mycoplasma genitalium has also been associated with upper genital tract infection in women. (2018 United Kingdom Guidance for the Management of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease. British Association of Sexual Health and HIV [BASHH] Guideline, 2011)
Infections and treatment guidelines
Published in Sarah Bekaert, Alison White, Integrated Contraceptive and Sexual Healthcare, 2018
Sarah Bekaert, Alison White, Kathy French, Kevin Miles
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is usually the result of infection ascending from the endocervix causing endometritis, salpingitis, parametritis, oophoritis, tubo-ovarian abcess and/or pelvic peritonitis. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis have been identified as causative agents, while Gardnerella vaginalis, anaerobes and other organisms commonly found in the vagina may also be implicated. Mycoplasma genitalium has also been associated with upper genital tract infection in women.
Prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium and other sexually transmitted infections causing urethritis among high-risk heterosexual male patients in Estonia
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2018
Stanislav Tjagur, Reet Mändar, Margus Punab
During the recent years more attention is paid to Mycoplasma genitalium infection along with well-known classical STIs such as chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis and syphilis. This is a small slowly growing facultatively intracellular bacterium lacking a cell wall around its cell membrane and having the smallest genome (∼580 kb) for a self-replicating organism. Transmission of M. genitalium occurs by genital–genital or penile–anal contact, less likely by oral–genital contact [4–6]. The prevalence of M. genitalium infection in global population is estimated 1–4% in men and 1–6.4% in women being even more prevalent in the STI testing centres (4–38%) [7]. In men, M. genitalium is associated with urethritis, balanitis and posthitis but its carriage can be asymptomatic. It may also contribute to couple infertility and increased HIV infection risk [4,7–9]. Testing for M. genitalium is currently not routinely done in most of countries, so disease is usually diagnosed syndromically, for example non-chlamydial non-gonococcal urethritis. Furthermore, high prevalence of macrolide-resistant strains and frequent treatment failures indicate suboptimal infection management [10–13].
Incidence and laboratory diagnosis of sexually-transmitted infections among university students in a high-prevalence community
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2023
Laura Sienkiewicz, Yazmine Thomas, Alyssa Reynoso, Erik Munson
Taken together, it would be of benefit to further examine the incidence of STI among college-aged individuals, especially in a high-prevalence community, and to investigate demographics potentially associated with STI. Such studies take on added significance in light of the emerging STI agent Mycoplasma genitalium8 and the improved laboratory diagnostic means of identifying individuals infected with this bacterium.9 Only a paucity of published studies to date has examined the incidence of M. genitalium in a university or vocational student population10–14 and none of these investigations was performed in the United States.
Antimicrobial susceptibility of Mycoplasma genitalium isolates from Pretoria, South Africa in 2012 and 2016
Published in Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2018
Marie C Le Roux, Maanda Mafunise, Barbara E de Villiers, Ramalau Mm Ditsele
Mycoplasma genitalium is a sexually transmitted pathogen associated with non-gonococcal urethritis, cervicitis, and related upper genital tract conditions such as pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility.1,2M. genitalium is the smallest self-replicating prokaryote, but despite its small size, it is capable of causing disease, evades host immune responses through antigenic variability, and develops resistance to antimicrobial agents.3