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Infertility
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
An inability to conceive children or carry a pregnancy to term is referred to as infertility in both men and women. Infertility is further defined as not being able to conceive after one year or longer of unprotected sex. Because fertility in women is known to decline steadily with age, some providers diagnose the condition in women aged 35 years or older after six months of unprotected sex. Infertility problems are diagnosed in one in 10 American couples, yet half or more eventually bear a child.
Stimulatory effect of methanolic extract and N-hexane insoluble and soluble fraction of parijoto fruit (Medinilla speciosa Blume) on the spermatozoa quantity of male Sprague Dawley rats
Published in Ade Gafar Abdullah, Isma Widiaty, Cep Ubad Abdullah, Medical Technology and Environmental Health, 2020
R. Wijayanti, S. Wahyuono, I.P. Sari, D.M. Rizal
Male infertility arises from a number of factors including genetics, chronic disease, and lifestyle (Tunc 2011). Factors that influence male infertility include unhealthy lifestyles, cigarette smoking, disease (Murod et al. 2014), and oxidative stress (Agarwal & Prabakaran 2005). Exposure to free radicals over a period of time can also cause a decrease in fertility due to decreased testicular weight, increased lipid peroxidation, decreased antioxidant (vitamin C), and oxidative damage (Saryono & Santoso 2015). Free radicals are also one of the main causes of disruption of spermatogenesis in the testes (Anzila et al. 2017). In 30–40% of cases of male infertility, no cause is found (idiopathic male infertility). In such cases, men do not have abnormalities on physical examination or on examination of endocrine, genetic, and biochemical chemistry. Idiopathic male infertility occurs as a result of endocrine disruption due to environmental pollution, reactive oxygen species, or genetic and epigenetic disorders (Jungwirth et al. 2014). Many synthetic drugs have been used to overcome problems related to infertility. However, the use of synthetic drugs has side effects such as heart rhythm disorders, suicidal tendencies, mental disorders, tremors, and dilatation of blood vessels in other parts of the body resulting in headaches and fainting (Balamurugan et al. 2013). To minimize these side effects, traditional medicine is used.
Principles of Pathophysiology of Infertility Assessment and Treatment*
Published in Asim Kurjak, Ultrasound and Infertility, 2020
Joseph G. Schenker, Aby Lewin, Menashe Ben-David
Regarding the male partner, fecundability is maximal around the age of 24 to 30 years. The biological influence of paternal age in the decline of infertility is mainly due to the decline of his sexual activity in terms of the number of ejaculations per week and the time it takes to achieve erection. Some studies have found that advanced paternal age may cause an increase in the incidence of pregnancy loss mainly due to chromosomal aberrations. Several environmental factors like nutritional disturbances, stress, exposure to drugs, and chemical and physical agents may contribute to infertility.
Ambivalence experienced by infertile couples undergoing IVF: a qualitative study
Published in Human Fertility, 2023
Hong Yao, Celia Hoi Yan Chan, Yajie Hou, Cecilia Lai Wan Chan
Emotional complexity was proposed by the scientific study of affective emotions to capture the coexistence of opposing emotions (Lindquist & Barrett, 2010). Emotions are rarely simple for infertile couples. When couples have been invited to describe their infertility experiences, negative emotional-affective reactions, such as anxiety, depression, fear, sorrow, sadness, loneliness and frustration, are commonly found among infertile women and men (Afrashteh & Mirkuhi, 2020; Greil et al., 2010; Hasanpoor-Azghdy et al., 2014). However, positive emotions and feelings (e.g. warmth, comfort and gratitude) were also reported and played a crucial role in coping throughout the treatment journey (Lau et al., 2019). A quantitative study further indicated that the positive affects experienced by Chinese infertile women were related to their levels of resilience and post-trauma growth (Kong et al., 2018). It is therefore important to explore intra-couple emotionally complex experiences.
Mapping intentions to adopt fertility protective behaviours: the role of couple congruence and the importance of relationship and fertility awareness
Published in Human Fertility, 2022
Juliana Pedro, Joana Fernandes, Lone Schmidt, Maria E. Costa, Mariana V. Martins
Infertility is a disease characterized by the inability to achieve pregnancy after 12 months of unprotected sexual intercourse (Zegers-Hochschild et al., 2017). The lifetime prevalence of infertility in Western societies varies between 16 and 26% among couples trying to conceive. There are a number of risk factors associated with infertility, such as previous disease diagnosis (e.g. endometriosis and childhood cancer), health-risk behaviours, including smoking, being overweight and sexually transmitted infections (e.g. chlamydia), as well as environmental factors, seen through endocrine-disrupting substances. Increased female and male ages are also significant risk factors for infertility (Nielsen et al., 2016). Although infertility research and clinical practice have mainly focussed on the improvement of medically-assisted reproduction, a considerable part of infertility might be prevented by avoiding risk factors, such as the postponement of pregnancy to an older age (Homan et al., 2007).
Effect of platelet-rich plasma on pregnancy outcomes in infertile women with recurrent implantation failure: a randomized controlled trial
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2021
Marzieh Zamaniyan, Sepideh Peyvandi, Hassan Heidaryan Gorji, Siavash Moradi, Jaefar Jamal, Fatemeh Yahya Poor Aghmashhadi, Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi
Infertility is defined as the lack of pregnancy after at least one year unprotected intercourse, and its prevalence is about 9% among women [1]. Different methods are used for the treatment of infertility, but advanced treatments are used for routine infertility treatment failure. Advanced infertility treatment involves in vitro Fertilization (IVF) which has a success rate of about 30%. Embryo culture and transfer methods have been developed in IVF clinics for more than two decades, but clinical pregnancy rates have not improved significantly [2]. Recurrent implantation failure is one of the frequent problems faced by a doctor and a patient at infertility centers. The repeated implantation failure is defined as non-pregnancy after three in vitro fertilization or after the transfer of 10 good-quality embryos into the uterus [3–5]. The reasons for this failure are uterine causes, such as thin endometrium, poor endometrial receptivity, immune incompatibility, and embryos origins. Different treatment protocols have been used for thin endometrium, but the last recommended treatment has been intrauterine injection of platelets [5–21].