China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Intelligent Ovarian Detection and Classification in Ultrasound Images Using Machine Learning Techniques
Published in Ayodeji Olalekan Salau, Shruti Jain, Meenakshi Sood, Computational Intelligence and Data Sciences, 2022
V. Kiruthika, S. Sathiya, M.M. Ramya
Female infertility is a major and thoughtful concern in today’s world and contributes to about 37% worldwide and 12.5% in India. Among the recognizable causes, it is reported that ovulatory disorders are a main cause of female infertility, contributing to 25% in majority of the infertile women (WHO Technical Report Series, 1992). Ovaries have a fluid filled sac called ovarian follicle in which the mature egg is present. In a normal ovary, the mature egg is released from the follicle during the ovulation process. Ovulatory disorders are due to the failure or irregularity in the ovulation process that occurs in the ovary, resulting in ovarian cysts or polycysts. An ovary with an ovarian cyst is called cystic ovary, and an ovary with polycysts is called polycystic ovary.
The infertile body in the clinic
Published in Chinmay Murali, Sathyaraj Venkatesan, Infertility Comics and Graphic Medicine, 2021
Chinmay Murali, Sathyaraj Venkatesan
The ubiquitous power that the discourses and practices of medicine accrue as a result of the medicalisation of female reproduction deprives women of their autonomy over their reproductive body. In particular, invasive medical procedures deployed in the treatment of women’s reproductive health quandaries such as infertility engender severe psychic-somatic turmoil in women, who are treated as damaged machines. The present chapter attempts to delineate the perils of medicalisation in the context of female infertility. The focus of the chapter is on the lack of female agency in the clinical experience of infertility, when the sufferer is reduced to the status of a docile body under the authoritative and penetrative medical eye. In a close reading of select graphic memoirs on women’s infertility, including Phoebe Potts’s Good Eggs, Emily Steinberg’s Broken Eggs, Paula Knight’s The Facts of Life, and Jenell Johnson’s Present/Perfect, the chapter examines how the memoirists, using comics, subjectively foreground the hurt and estrangement they experience in a misogynist, and technologised system of infertility care. In so doing, the chapter argues, these graphic medicine narratives foreground nuanced issues such as loss of privacy, technological intrusion, and objectification that cause irreparable harm to women and jeopardise their identity as patients.
Paper 1
Published in Aalia Khan, Ramsey Jabbour, Almas Rehman, nMRCGP Applied Knowledge Test Study Guide, 2021
Aalia Khan, Ramsey Jabbour, Almas Rehman
Which one of the following statements is true of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)? It is the only cause of female infertility.It is caused by chlamydia in around 50% of cases.Chlamydia and gonorrhoea infection cannot co-exist.The cardinal feature is vaginal discharge.Menstrual irregularities occur in about 5% of cases.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward exercises among women visiting an infertility clinic: A cross-sectional study
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2023
Shashwathi Gundimi, Bhamini Krishna Rao, Ajay Bailey, Pratap Kumar, Vipin Nair, Kiransha R. Velingkar, Preetha Ramachandra
Lifestyle modifications suggested as a part of treatment for female infertility includes abstaining from tobacco use and alcohol consumption, and aiming for a body mass index less than 30 kg/m2 to improve their chances of natural conception or using assisted reproductive technology (Lindsay & Vitrikas, 2015). Previous reviewers have shown benefit of lifestyle changes including exercise on fertility in obese and overweight women with PCOS suggesting that exercise could be used as a treatment option for resolution of ovulation (Haqq et al., 2014; Moran et al., 2011; Panidis et al., 2013; Sharma et al., 2013; Stener-Victorin, 2013). The types of exercise prescribed in studies on effect of exercise on ovulation include low-impact aerobics, brisk walking, lawn mowing, combined aerobics/resistance training to vigorous intensity exercises such as hiking, running, cycling, aerobic dancing, swimming, and tennis (Hakimi & Cameron, 2017).
Female infertility caused by organophosphates: an insight into the latest biochemical and histomorphological findings
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2023
Mohammad Samare-Najaf, Ali Samareh, Bahia Namavar Jahromi, Navid Jamali, Sina Vakili, Majid Mohsenizadeh, Cain C. T. Clark, Ali Abbasi, Nastaran Khajehyar
Fertility is defined as the capability of an individual to procreate, while infertility refers to an inability of a couple to successfully incept a pregnancy following twelve months of unprotected sexual intercourse. A woman’s fecundity is considered the biological ability to reproduce according to the monthly probability of conception. The incidence of infertility continues to rise, and given the failure of genetic factors to suitably explain it, much attention has been given to environmental causes (Bala et al.2021, Giudice 2021). The etiology of female infertility is diverse, and includes multiple factors, such as anatomical mullerian abnormalities and pelvic factors, genetic mutations, chromosome abnormalities, disrupted steroids balance, and ovulatory disorders, all of which could be induced by environmental and pharmaceutical chemicals. Indeed, the occurrence of environmental pollutants, for example organophosphates (OPs), is considered as one of the main causes of reproductive development alterations in both wildlife and humans (Mitra and Maitra 2018, Liu et al.2021).
Association analysis of KISS1 polymorphisms and haplotypes with polycystic ovary syndrome
Published in British Journal of Biomedical Science, 2021
M Farsimadan, F Moammadzadeh Ghosi, S Takamoli, H Vaziri
Infertility affects about 15% of couples throughout the world and female infertility constitutes 37% of all infertility cases [1,2]. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common cause of infertility, affects 6–10% of women in reproductive age [3]. PCOS is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism, anovulation, and enlarged polycystic ovaries [4]. Women with this syndrome display menstrual irregularity, hair growth, acne, and overweight. A number of factors, including genetic, endocrine, and physiological factors are considered as major causes of PCOS. Over recent years, considerable attention has been directed at understanding the multifactorial aetiology of PCOS. A number of studies have been focused on investigating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis genetic factors related to PCOS and reported the disruption in the function of the HPG axis resulting from increased frequency and amplitude of the hypothalamic GnRH pulse generator. Various functional polymorphisms have been identified in genes that control the HPG axis that regulate the proper function and development of the female reproductive system [5,6]. KISS1, as one of these genes, is considered to have a vital regulatory role in gonadotropin secretion of the HPG axis. Different studies showed that SNPs in the KISS1 and its receptor KISS1R could disrupt the HPG axis function and may play a significant role in the etiopathogenesis of PCOS.