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Special Considerations for Men's Health
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
Male infertility is the inability to conceive a child with unprotected sexual intercourse between a man and woman for a year or longer. Male infertility is estimated to impact approximately 48.5 million couples, which is about 15% of couples globally. Male infertility frequently results from an etiologic combination of male and female fertility issues. Males are estimated to be the sole etiology in about 20% to 30% of all infertility cases but contribute to about 50% of all cases overall (Agarwal et al., 2015). Agarwal et al. reported that there are at least 30 million men worldwide who are infertile, with the highest rates of infertility in Africa and Eastern Europe.
Early Pregnancy Loss
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Obstetric Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Lisa K. Perriera, Beatrice A. Chen, Aileen M. Gariepy
Lifestyle modificationsEpidemiologic studies suggest that lifestyle modifications can increase fertility potential, although these have not been definitively tested in randomized controlled trials. These modifications include eliminating the use of tobacco products, alcohol, and caffeine and reduction in body mass index (BMI) [15].
Renal diseases in pregnancy
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Multiple mechanisms that interfere with the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis cause marked decrease in fertility in young women with advanced CKD and those requiring dialysis (75). Recent publications report fertility rates ranging between 1% and 7%, which is much improved compared with older literature (76–78). These improved trends could be due to improved CKD management translated in increased dialysis population, better dialysis techniques, and improved care of the high-risk pregnancies.
Reproductive health in adults with congenital heart disease: a review on fertility, sexual health, assisted reproductive technology and contraception
Published in Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 2023
J.A. van der Zande, G. Wander, K.P. Ramlakhan, J.W. Roos-Hesselink, M.R. Johnson
In biology, ‘fertility’ is defined by fecundity or the ability to reproduce [8]. This should not be confused with the fertility rate, which is defined as the average number of children per woman. On the other hand, ‘infertility’ or ‘impaired fertility’ is defined as failure to achieve a pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular and unprotected sexual intercourse [9]. Infertility can be attributed to the male or female, or to be unexplained (Figure 1) and can be caused by several factors, as presented in Figure 2. In the male reproductive system, infertility is most commonly caused by abnormal sperm function and quality or problems with semen ejection [10]. In women, infertility is most commonly caused by abnormalities of ovulation or structural problems in the uterus or fallopian tubes [11]. Infertility can also be caused in both men and women by problems in the endocrine system causing imbalances of reproductive hormones, but also several environmental and lifestyle factors can influence fertility, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity [12]. The proportion of couples affected by infertility is progressively increasing, and it is estimated that currently 15–18% of the couples around the world suffer from infertility [13]. However, these numbers may be underestimated as they only include data from couples actively seeking help for fertility issues.
Mapping intentions to adopt fertility protective behaviours: the role of couple congruence and the importance of relationship and fertility awareness
Published in Human Fertility, 2022
Juliana Pedro, Joana Fernandes, Lone Schmidt, Maria E. Costa, Mariana V. Martins
Between October 2016 and October 2018, childless men and women (and couples if they were together during the recruitment) were invited to participate in this study in gynaecology clinics (invited by the researcher in the waiting room; approved by the clinic), and social media (through dissemination via Facebook and University e-mails) in Portugal. The eligibility criteria were as follows: (i) being engaged in a romantic heterosexual relationship for at least one year; (ii) desiring to have children within a three-year window; (iii) not having children in common; (iv) age between 20 and 45 years old (for women); and (v) not having previous knowledge of a fertility problem, nor having actively tried to conceive for more than 12 months (or six months, provided the woman was ≥35 years old). For this study, only couples were included in the analyses.
The interchangeability of two assays for the measurement of anti-Müllerian hormone when personalizing the dose of FSH in in-vitro fertilization cycles
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2021
Antonio La Marca, Aarti Deenadayal Tolani, Martina Capuzzo
We retrospectively analyzed 113 patients from the Mother-Infant Department of University Hospital of Modena, Italy. Clinical and laboratory information on their IVF treatment cycles had been collected and recorded in the registered database in our fertility center. All the following inclusion criteria were satisfied: (1) first IVF/ICSI attempt; (2) regular menstrual cycle (25–35 days); (3) female age ≤ 40; (4) Serum day 3 FSH, estradiol, AMH and day 3 antral follicle count (AFC) measured not more than 3 months before the IVF cycle. All patients have been trying to conceive for at least 12 months and had undergone a fertility workup. Clinical exclusion criteria were: (1) irregular cycles; (2) evidence of polycystic ovary; (3) previous ovarian surgery; (4) endometriosis; (5) basal day 3 FSH > 15 IU/L; (6) presence of ovarian cysts; (7) history of pelvic inflammatory disease; (8) use of hormonal contraception in the previous 3 months; (9) any known metabolic or endocrinological disease.