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Pathophysiology
Published in Ibrahim Natalwala, Ammar Natalwala, E Glucksman, MCQs in Neurology and Neurosurgery for Medical Students, 2022
Ibrahim Natalwala, Ammar Natalwala, E Glucksman
i – Borrelia burgdorferi is a bacterium that causes Lyme disease. It is transmitted by ticks and presents with erythema chronicum migrans (expanding ‘bullseye’ red rash) and flu-like symptoms in its initial stages. In its later stages, patients may experience a migratory polyarthritis and bilateral Bell’s palsy. Doxycycline, which is a tetracycline, is indicated for the treatment of Lyme disease.15
Lyme
Published in Alisa McQueen, S. Margaret Paik, Pediatric Emergency Medicine: Illustrated Clinical Cases, 2018
Doxycycline is the treatment of choice for early localized Lyme disease. However, prolonged administration (>10 days) of doxycycline is associated with permanent dental discoloration in children younger than 8 years of age and is therefore not recommended in this age group, with the exception of treatment of neurologic symptoms. Alternative therapy includes amoxicillin or cefuroxime.
Formulary
Published in Sarah Bekaert, Alison White, Integrated Contraceptive and Sexual Healthcare, 2018
Sarah Bekaert, Alison White, Kathy French, Kevin Miles
Doxycycline is clinically effective in the treatment of a variety of infections caused by sensitive strains of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, as well as certain other micro-organisms. As an antibiotic, doxycycline exerts its antimicrobial effect by the inhibition of protein synthesis and is considered to be primarily bacteriostatic.
Acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections in pediatric patients: potential role of dalbavancin
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2023
Lorenzo Volpicelli, Mario Venditti, Alessandra Oliva
Doxycycline and minocycline comprise the second generation of tetracyclines, which is characterized by prolonged half-life, good oral bioavailability, and excellent lipid solubility. A full therapeutic effect is reached after 4–5 serum half-lives and for this reason, when a serious infection is suspected, both drugs require therapy to be started with a loading dose, followed by a maintenance dose [27]. Compared to doxycycline, minocycline has the highest tissue penetration and possesses enhanced antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, including the Gram-negative Acinetobacter baumannii and Gram-positives, such as MRSA and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus [27]. Tetracycline prescription to children <8 years has historically been contraindicated because of permanent tooth discoloration caused by drug incorporation in enamel. In recent years, new data strongly downsized the risk connected to doxycycline so much that now the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends doxycycline to be safely administered for short durations (≤21 days) regardless of age [28]. A common side effect of doxycycline is gastrointestinal upset [27]. As for minocycline, vestibular side effects are relatively common, while minocycline-induced autoimmunity is a rare but serious event [27].
Doxycycline Suppresses Vasculogenic Mimicry in Human Pterygium Fibroblasts
Published in Current Eye Research, 2022
Meng-Xuan He, Jun-Fang Zhang, Ling Yang, Bai Qin, Hong-Wei Gu, Qiu-Yang Tang, Huai-Jin Guan, Hai-Hong Shi
Doxycycline is a member of the tetracycline family of antibiotics and has a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic action. In addition, doxycycline possesses anti-inflammatory activity unrelated to its antimicrobial action. Other properties, including antioxidation, inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and leukocyte chemotaxis, and regulating cytokines, have been reported to be closely related to its anti-inflammatory effect.7,8 According to many studies, doxycycline has been successfully used to treat periodontal,9 autoimmune, granulomatous, and inflammatory conditions.10 Furthermore, it can also inhibit the growth and metastasis of tumours such as breast cancers, prostate cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma.11 However, the regulatory effect of doxycycline on pterygium VM and its related molecular mechanisms have never been reported.
Emerging drugs for the treatment of acne: a review of phase 2 & 3 trials
Published in Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs, 2022
Siddharth Bhatt, Rohit Kothari, Durga Madhab Tripathy, Sunmeet Sandhu, Mahsa Babaei, Mohamad Goldust
Oral tetracyclines are used as the first-line therapy in non-pregnant adults and children > 8 years of age for management of moderate acne. It works by inhibiting protein synthesis by binding to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome. This class has additional important anti-inflammatory effects including inhibition of chemotaxis and metalloproteinase activity, which are utilized in inflammatory acne. Drugs from this group are doxycycline, minocycline and Lymecycline. Minocycline in an extended-release form is the safest (at 1 mg/kg). Doxycycline is effective in the 1.7 to 2.4 mg/kg range but sub-antimicrobial dosing of doxycycline (20 mg twice daily to 40 mg daily) has also shown efficacy in patients with moderate inflammatory acne. Current studies indicate that minocycline is not more effective than doxycycline and has a worse side effect profile as compared to doxycycline [2]. Oral antibiotic therapy with various tetracyclines usually requires at least 3 weeks before initial visible improvement, and should not be given beyond 3 months to avoid bacterial resistance [3]. Side effects include pill esophagitis due to doxycycline and pigmentation due to minocycline. Serious side effects include pseudotumor cerebri and lupus erythematosus induction by minocycline [4].