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Mechanism and Role of Probiotics in Suppressing Bowel Cancer
Published in Sheeba Varghese Gupta, Yashwant V. Pathak, Advances in Nutraceutical Applications in Cancer, 2019
Aaishwarya B. Deshmukh, Jayvadan K. Patel, Bharat Mishra
In a study conducted by Gianotti and colleagues, mixture of L. johnsonii La1 and B. longum BB536 formulation resulted in amplified expression of naïve and memory lymphocyte subsets and less expression of dendritic phenotypes in subjects who underwent elective colorectal resection for cancer [69]. Oral administration of Lactobacillus johnsonii La1, both pre- and postoperatively, remained in the mucosa of colon and decreased the number of pathogenic bacteria in the feces (enterobacteria and enterococci). Probiotics avert tumor recurrence in addition to developing their eminence of life; they also alleviate a lot of unwanted complications associated with bowel cancer treatments. Thus, specific probiotic strains when administered in diverse methods like various blends at different times and doses did bring clinical benefits to patients. However, additional investigations are required to progress probiotic formulations for enhanced efficacy [70].
Antibacterial Activity of Seaweeds and their Extracts
Published in Leonel Pereira, Therapeutic and Nutritional Uses of Algae, 2018
Cermák et al. (2015) reported the antibacterial long-chain fatty acids in the green microalga Planktochlorella nurekis to be significant inhibitors of Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica var. Enteritidis, Salmonella enterica var. Infantis, Arcobacter butzleri, and Lactobacillus johnsonii using a suspension concentration range of 0.75-6 mg mL−1. The study proposed that green microalgae could be used as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics to prevent disease in livestock and poultry and to maintain the microbial safety of animal products in the human food chain.
Giardia lamblia
Published in Dongyou Liu, Laboratory Models for Foodborne Infections, 2017
Steven M. Singer, Jenny G. Maloney, Camila H. Coelho
To successfully colonize the small intestine, G. lamblia must contend with the hosts’ natural barriers to infection. Both intestinal mucus and epithelial cell turnover could serve as obstacles for trophozoite attachment, and in vitro studies have shown that mucin can inhibit the ability of trophozoites to attach to a substrate.91 Recent work has also demonstrated that the host microbiome can play an important role in successful colonization. Infections of mice from different suppliers with G. lamblia showed that intestinal microbiota conferred protection against infection and that this protective effect could be transmitted through cohousing of mice.92 This same study demonstrated that antibiotic treatment could ablate the protective effect of the host microbiome, demonstrating that intestinal bacteria composition plays a role in infection susceptibility.92 Whether the influence of the host microbiome on G. lamblia infection is direct or a result of bacteria-driven immune stimulation remains unclear. Lactobacillus johnsonii culture supernatants have been shown in vitro to have a cytostatic effect on G. lamblia.93 This same bacterium was shown to inhibit G. lamblia infection of gerbils.94 In a different study, mouse infection with Enterococcus faecium led to immunological stimulations that decreased G. lamblia colonization success in infected mice, demonstrating that bacteria could alter host immunity to prevent establishment of G. lamblia infection.95
Gut microbiome in type 1 diabetes: the immunological perspective
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2023
Elena Rampanelli, Max Nieuwdorp
In view of the benefits provided by Lactobacillus johnsonii N6.2 in diabetes-prone rates, there is an ongoing trial set to investigate the potential therapeutic benefits against islet autoimmunity in 57 children and adolescents (8–17 years old) through daily intake of capsule harboring either placebo or Lactobacillus johnsonii N6.2 for 24 weeks (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03961854). L. johnsonii N6.2 has already been shown to be safe and well-tolerated in 42 healthy individuals participating in a cross-over randomized trial where the participants received daily capsules containing L. johnsonii N6.2 or placebo for 8 weeks. The strain intake resulted in changes in the host metabolome with an increase in tryptophan-derived metabolites. In addition, L. johnsonii also led to enhanced frequency of effector Th1 cells (CD45RO+CD183+CD196−) and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in the bloodstream [161].
Lactobacillus johnsonii alleviates colitis by TLR1/2-STAT3 mediated CD206+ macrophagesIL-10 activation
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Ding-Jia-Cheng Jia, Qi-Wen Wang, Ying-Ying Hu, Jia-Min He, Qi-Wei Ge, Ya-Dong Qi, Lu-Yi Chen, Ying Zhang, Li-Na Fan, Yi-Feng Lin, Yong Sun, Yao Jiang, Lan Wang, Yan-Fei Fang, Hui-Qin He, Xiong-E Pi, Wei Liu, Shu-Jie Chen, Liang-Jing Wang
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a subtype of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), characterized by chronic nonspecific inflammation of the rectum and colon.1,2 Both adaptive and innate immunity are considered to be involved in this chronic inflammation process.3 Gut microbiota played vital roles in the occurrence and development of IBD.4,5Proteus mirabilis as a key bacterium for Crohn’s disease could trigger inflammatory responses.6 Extracellular vesicles of Fusobacterium nucleatum compromise intestinal barrier in UC through targeting RIPK1-mediated cell death pathway.7 Gut microbiota had been discovered with the deepening of sequencing technology, while the mechanism remains to be elucidated. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are two recognized genera of probiotics.8,9 We have previously reported the anti-inflammatory effect of Bifidobacterium adolescentis in UC.10Lactobacillus johnsonii (L. johnsonii) is classified in the genus Lactobacillus. Study has shown that L. johnsonii as a potential beneficial bacteria could improve memory impairment through the brain-gut axis11 and regulate metabolic-related diseases.12,13
Identification of Gut Bacteria such as Lactobacillus johnsonii that Disseminate to Systemic Tissues of Wild Type and MyD88–/– Mice
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Sreeram Udayan, Panagiota Stamou, Fiona Crispie, Ana Hickey, Alexandria N. Floyd, Chyi-Song Hsieh, Paul D. Cotter, Orla O’Sullivan, Silvia Melgar, Paul W. O’Toole, Rodney D. Newberry, Valerio Rossini, Ken Nally
However, it is not known if systemic dissemination of gut bacteria occurs in the absence of perturbation to the host or to the gut barrier. Host MyD88-dependent pattern recognition receptor (PRR) pathways are essential for the containment of gut bacteria in the gut lumen and their exclusion from the systemic compartment.18 Studies in MyD88−/− mice have shown increased dissemination of gut resident bacteria to systemic tissues.19,20 However, it has not been investigated if bacteria also translocate in WT mice and the specific bacteria that translocate in these mice have not been identified. The main objective of this study was to systematically investigate this dissemination phenomenon and its underpinning mechanisms in mice during the basal homeostatic state. Using a validated aseptic culture-based approach we recovered gut-associated bacteria from systemic tissues and from sorted tissue cells of WT and MyD88−/− mice. Lactobacillus johnsonii was identified as the most abundant bacterial species in systemic tissues of mice with higher abundance observed in Myd88−/− mice in comparison to WT mice. L. johnsonii was able to persist intracellularly in DCs and induce cytokine responses in these cells. We also found that L. johnsonii was able to migrate to systemic tissues in monocolonized germ-free WT mice and studies in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) CRR7 knockout (KO) mice indicated that this is CCR7 independent.