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Order Bunyavirales
Published in Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier, Virus-Like Particles, 2022
Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier
According to the latest ICTV issues (Radoshitzky et al. 2019), the Arenaviridae family unites 4 genera with 54 species, where the genus Mammarenavirus contains 40 species including the most familiar and dangerous arenavirus strains, such as Lassa virus (LASV) from the traditional Old World arenavirus group and Guanarito virus (GTOV), Junin virus (JUNV), Machupo virus (MACV), Sabia virus (SABV), and Whitewater Arroyo virus (WWAV) from the traditional New World virus group, as well as Lujo virus (LUJV), which may cause severe hemorrhagic fever syndromes resulting in significant mortality. First, the observed severe cases of disease have introduced the LASV as a reference arenavirus strain to the scientific community (Buckley et al. 1970). Second, one of the reference strains that was the most-studied representative of the family by the theoretical virological and immunological investigations, namely, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), may cause not only influenza-like syndromes but also severe aseptic meningitis. LCMV exists in both geographic areas but is regarded rather as an Old World virus.
Post-exposure prophylactic vaccine candidates for the treatment of human Risk Group 4 pathogen infections
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2020
James Logue, Ian Crozier, Peter B Jahrling, Jens H Kuhn
Lassa virus (LASV; Arenaviridae: Mammarenavirus), responsible for an estimated 300,000 to 500,000 cases of Lassa fever annually, is predominantly endemic in Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone [107]. Symptoms and clinical signs of Lassa fever include fever, nausea, muscle aches, and in severe cases, hemorrhage, multi-system organ dysfunction, and death. LASV is most commonly transmitted through contact with infected rodents (predominantly Natal mastomys [Mastomys natalensis Smith, 1834]) or excrement from these rodents, but person-to-person transmission is limited. Vaccine development to prevent Lassa fever has been severely hampered by the high-genetic diversity associated with the multitude of LASV isolates [108]. However, with this caveat, a vaccine composed of single-cycle LASV replicating particles (VRPs) was 100% (5 of 5) efficacious when administered 24 h subsequent to an otherwise lethal LASV Josiah strain exposure in strain 13 guinea pigs [109]. Additionally, a recombinant vaccine, DEF201, has shown PEP efficacy against ‘arenaviral hemorrhagic fever’ in a Pichindé virus golden hamster surrogate model for Lassa fever, but efficacy against other mammarenaviruses, including LASV, is lacking [110]. At this time, no PEP vaccine testing in NHPs infected with LASV has been reported.
A transcriptomic insight into the human sperm microbiome through next-generation sequencing
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2023
Celia Corral-Vazquez, Joan Blanco, Riccardo Aiese Cigliano, Sarrate Zaida, Francesca Vidal, Ester Anton
The most prevalent groups of viruses, according to the amount of aligned RNA (highest mean percentage of OTU) referred to the Herpesviridae family and order (12.25% and 5.04% respectively), the species Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 (0.85%), the genus Roseolovirus (0.64%), Proteus phage VB PmiS-Isfahan (0.54%), Guanarito mammarenavirus (0.38%), Hepacivirus C (0.32%) and Bacillus phage Stitch (0.30%). Regarding bacteria, the species with the highest RNA quantification was Escherichia coli (0.46%), followed by a set of unknown species from the Enterobacteriaceae family (0.36%), Bacillum megaterium (0.36%), Cutibacterium acnes (0.28%), Staphylococcus simulans (0.23%) and Gardnerella vaginalis (0.13%).