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Cryptosporidium
Published in Dongyou Liu, Laboratory Models for Foodborne Infections, 2017
Being the only member of the family Cryptosporidiidae, the genus Cryptosporidium currently consists of about 30 recognized species, i.e., Cryptosporidium andersoni, Cryptosporidium baileyi, Cryptosporidium bovis, Cryptosporidium canis, Cryptosporidium cuniculus, Cryptosporidium erinacei, Cryptosporidium fayeri, Cryptosporidium felis, Cryptosporidium fragile, Cryptosporidium galli, Cryptosporidium hominis, Cryptosporidium huwi, Cryptosporidium macropodum, Cryptosporidium meleagridis, Cryptosporidium molnari, Cryptosporidium muris, Cryptosporidium parvum, Cryptosporidium proliferans, Cryptosporidium rubeyi, Cryptosporidium ryanae, Cryptosporidium saurophilum, Cryptosporidium serpentis, Cryptosporidium suis, Cryptosporidium tyzzeri, Cryptosporidium ubiquitum, Cryptosporidium varanii, Cryptosporidium viatorum, Cryptosporidium wrairi, and Cryptosporidium xiaoi [1–4].
Cryptosporidium infection among people living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2020
Mehdi Mohebali, Yonas Yimam, Ambachew Woreta
Cryptosporidium is a ubiquitous protozoan parasite of humans and a wide range of animals [7]. Globally, the majority of human Cryptosporidium infections are caused by Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum: however, Cryptosporidium meleagridis, Cryptosporidium felis, Cryptosporidium canis, Cryptosporidium muris, Cryptosporidium suis, and Cryptosporidium andersoni were also infrequently isolated from humans [8–10]. Cryptosporidium is transmitted mainly by the fecal-oral route. Human to human (anthroponotic) as well as animal to human (zoonotic) transmissions have also been documented. Though cryptosporidiosis has a worldwide distribution, its occurrence is higher in low-income countries with limited access to the necessary infrastructure and potable water. Consequently, people are left struggling with the necessary facilities to prevent food and water contaminated by infective oocysts [11]. Cryptosporidium usually causes asymptomatic or self-limiting diarrhea in healthy immunocompetent persons; however, it can progress to chronic diarrhea in immunocompromised individuals, including PLWHA [7]. This may results in significant morbidity and mortality if appropriate measures are not promptly instituted [12].