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Synthetic Compounds vs. Phytochemicals for the Treatment of Human Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma
Published in Namrita Lall, Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
Jacqueline Maphutha, Namrita Lall
Ultraviolet radiation is part of the electromagnetic spectrum between visible light and X-rays, and has a wavelength of 100–400 nm; however, three subtypes of UV radiation exist, namely ultraviolet radiation A (UVA), ultraviolet radiation B (UVB) and ultraviolet radiation C (UVC). UVA has the longest wavelength (315–400 nm) that is not absorbed by the ozone layer or the atmosphere and penetrates the stratum basale layer where melanocytes are present. UVB has a shorter wavelength (280–315 nm), and most UVB radiation is absorbed by the ozone layer. Extended periods outdoors often leads to the accumulation of UVB radiation, which penetrates the skin leading to swelling and pain characteristic of sunburn. Finally, UVC radiation (100–280 nm) has the shortest wavelength and is absorbed by the ozone layer and atmosphere. UVA and UVB are the main risk factors for skin cancer (Watson, Holman, and Maguire-Eisen, 2016).
The science of ageing
Published in Michael Parker, Charlie James, Fundamentals for Cosmetic Practice, 2022
Skin damage due to ultraviolet light (otherwise known as photoaging) is the primary influencer in skin ageing. Its effects are generated from both natural exposure to the sun and, in a more dangerous recent trend: sunbeds. There are three main types of ultraviolet light: UVA, UVB and UVC. UVC light has the shortest wavelength and is dissipated within the ozone layer, therefore rendering it unlikely to cause any consequent skin damage. UVB light has an intermediate wavelength which can only penetrate to the level of the dermis, and it is believed to be responsible for the erythematous changes seen in sunburn. UVA light has the longest wavelength and, until recently, was not believed to be harmful to the skin as it requires 1,000 times the level of radiation of UVB light to cause sunburn. Recent evidence suggests, however, that UVA light is able to penetrate the skin to the dermal layer and may actually be responsible for the majority of chronic skin changes associated with photoaging.
Management of COVID-19 Rehabilitation Nursing
Published in Wenguang Xia, Xiaolin Huang, Rehabilitation from COVID-19, 2021
Personnel protection: Ultraviolet radiation causes unavoidable damage to human skin mucosa and has a stimulation effect on the deep respiratory tract and eyes. When using an ultraviolet disinfection lamp, be careful not to look directly at the ultraviolet light source. After the eyes are burned by ultraviolet ray, symptoms such as red eyes, fear of light, tears, pain will appear after 5–7 hours, and the pain will last for 24–72 hours.
Anti-photoaging effects of flexible nanoliposomes encapsulated Moringa oleifera Lam. isothiocyanate in UVB-induced cell damage in HaCaT cells
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Yijin Wang, Qianqian Ouyang, Xuefei Chang, Min Yang, Junpeng He, Yang Tian, Jun Sheng
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is harmful to human skin and causes tanning, sunburn, immune suppression, cancer, and photoaging (Afnan et al., 2012). Skin photoaging is a common skin disease and its common clinical manifestations include skin elasticity loss, epidermal atrophy, deep wrinkles, and normal pigmentation, which can lead to cell necrosis, apoptosis, or cancer (Walton et al., 2005; Kim et al., 2011). Skin photoaging seriously affects not only the physical appearance and mental quality of life, but it also has an etiological association with the occurrence of skin cancer. Therefore, skin photoaging caused by UV and its related issues has gained considerable interest as a future research topic. Chronic exposure to UVB (280–315 nm) radiation results in the enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the skin, which leads to oxidative stress and photodamage to macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids (Jo et al., 2012). Further, such chronic exposure can cause adverse changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM), which lead to skin photoaging because of the enhanced production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) such as MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9, which is possibly mediated by the augmented ROS production (Gęgotek et al., 2021).
Exploring the potential of nanocarriers in antipsoriatic therapeutics
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Mohammad Shaif, Poonam Kushwaha, Shazia Usmani, Supriya Pandey
If the topical procedures fail to work, ultraviolet (UV) radiation may be used to treat the skin. This form of treatment is called phototherapy. By using a fluorescent light source that emits a particular wavelength of radiation, the patient is exposed to UV rays through a special device. Psoriasis is exacerbated by UV rays (25). Regular exposure to UV rays, whether from the sun or artificially, improves symptoms. A combination of UV rays (320–400 nm) and psoralen, commonly referred to as PUVA, improves the skin’s light sensitivity (26). There are other modern methods, such as laser treatment, that emphasize the beneficial effects of light, especially for psoriatic sores. UV light therapy is the most effective and basic treatment for psoriasis (24). Generally, phototherapy is suitable for moderate cases. Usually, systemic treatments are used only in extreme cases or when topical treatments have failed. Conventional systemic therapies include methotrexate (MTX), cyclosporine, and retinoids (27). The systemic methods suppress the immune system and slow the development of skin cells. Dithranol, ammonium glycyrrhizinate, ketoprofen, betamethasone 17-valerate, bortezomib, simvastatin, cyclosporine, retinoids, and other antipsoriatic drugs have all been successfully delivered to the target site through the systemic route (28).
Habit Facilitates Actioning Sun Protective Behavior Intentions
Published in Behavioral Medicine, 2022
Amanda L. Rebar, Kyra Hamilton, Ryan E. Rhodes, Benjamin Gardner
The most effective approach to reduce skin cancer risk is to limit time spent outdoors during daylight; however, some sun exposure is valuable for maintaining vitamin D levels.2 Spending time outdoors is an integral part of daily routines for many people, making it an implausible intervention target, at least in its entirety. A more feasible option is to use sun-protective behaviors to limit exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun when spending time outdoors. Sufficient sun protection can be acquired through regularly applying a broad-spectrum water-resistant sunscreen with a sun protective factor (SPF) of at least 30; wearing sun-protective clothing such as sunglasses, a hat, and long-sleeves; and seeking shade.2,3 Worldwide, rates of sun protection are low.2 For example, fewer than 50% of Australians report engaging in sun-protective behaviors,3 despite ongoing public health campaigns, suggesting more work is needed to understand what motivates people to engage in sun-protective behaviors.