China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DM2)/Adult Onset Diabetes
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Vitamin D: Currently there is widespread occurrence of vitamin D deficiency. It is very difficult to get enough vitamin D from food sources alone. Vitamin D is associated more closely with glucose metabolism than obesity.13 One study suggests that vitamin D deficiency and obesity interact synergistically to heighten the risk of diabetes and other metabolic disorders.14 Serum vitamin D3 levels less than 30 ng/mL were associated with highly significant increases in the prevalence of diabetes.15 There is a strong inverse association between low levels of D3 and diabetes prevalence, meaning that as the deficiency worsened, so did diabetes control.16,17 A minimum of 800 IU of vitamin D per day is recommended.
Meeting dietary requirements
Published in Claire Tuck, Complementary Feeding, 2022
The main dietary sources of vitamin D are fish, oil, margarine, and formula milk. Daily consumption of one portion of specific meat alternatives and two of fortified infant cereals would provide half the RNI for vitamin D; however, this may be difficult to achieve every day. Even consuming these foods high in vitamin D, breastfed infants would be unable to achieve vitamin D intakes close to the RNI.
Micronutrients
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Besides the main roles of vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of some bone diseases cited above, vitamin D may have other effects in the prevention of some chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, hypertension, and multiple sclerosis (62–66). Regarding cancer prevention of vitamin D, the results in the literature are still contradictory. Strong biological and mechanistic bases indicate that vitamin D plays a role in the prevention of colon, prostate, and breast cancers (64). However, clinical studies did not show a protective effect of vitamin D on cancer. A recent review found an increased risk of pancreatic cancer associated with high levels of serum 25-OH-D (≥100 nmol/L or ≥40 ng/mL) (64). Further research is needed to determine whether vitamin D inadequacy in particular increases cancer risk, whether greater exposure to the nutrient is protective, and whether some individuals could be at increased risk of cancer because of vitamin D exposure (62, 64). Indeed, studies to date do not support a role for vitamin D, with or without calcium, in reducing the risk of cancer (62, 64). Recently, vitamin D was proposed by some therapists in the prevention and treatment of Covid-19 which is a viral infection worldwide in 2020 and 2021. However, this proposal was not accepted by healthcare organizations (see Chapter 9 of this book).
Risk factors for fractures following liver transplantation: a population-based cohort study
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Jei-Wen Chang, Hui-Hsin Yang, Niang-Cheng Lin, Fang-Cheng Kuo, Tzu-Ching Lin, Hsin-Lin Tsai
Vitamin D is important for calcium homeostasis and bone mineralization. Chronic obstructive liver disease may interfere with vitamin D metabolism, leading to decreased uptake of vitamin D. In addition, cirrhosis has been shown to impair 25-hydroxylation of vitamin D, consequently resulting in significantly depressed levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [23]. Previous studies have reported that prophylactic bisphosphonate treatment is effective in preventing bone loss and fractures in liver transplant recipients [24,25]. In the present study, we found that the use of bone protective medications including bisphosphonates, vitamin D supplements and calcium supplements did not have a beneficial effect on decreasing the risk of fractures. However, we only analyzed prescribed calcium and vitamin D supplements, and we did not consider those that could have been bought over the counter or obtained via dietary intake.
Preinduction Serum Vitamin D3 Levels and Induction Chemotherapy Remission Rates in Patients with Acute Leukemia
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Shweta Maurya, Anil Kumar Tripathi, Shailendra Prasad Verma
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin known for its critical role in calcium homeostasis and bone mineralization. Recently, it has been implicated in hematological cancer pathogenesis and shows promise as an anticancer therapy (1). The underlying mechanisms range from preventing cell proliferation (cell cycle arrest) to inducing apoptosis or suppressing cell adhesion molecules and growth factors that promote cellular homing and metastasis (2–4). The cell cycle is regulated by a complex network of interlinked regulators that govern cellular proliferation. Vitamin D may exert growth inhibitory effects through the repression of various vital molecules involved in cell cycle regulation (2–4). Hypoxia and oxidative stress are often associated with cancer progression. Oxidative stress induces DNA damage and loss of DNA-repair ability. Interestingly, cellular signaling cascades are activated in cell lines treated with vitamin D, which reduces thioredoxin and promotes an antioxidant response (2–4). Vitamin D regulates cancer-associated autophagy; autophagy is essential in the prevention of tumor progression In Vivo (5).
Vitamin D and associated factors, among pregnant women in southeastern Nigeria
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Joseph Ifeanyi Brian-D Adinma, Joseph Eberendu Ahaneku, Echendu Dolly Adinma, Joseph Odilichukwu Ugboaja, Vitus Okolie, Nneoma Dolores Adinma-Obiajulu, Mark Matthew Edet
Vitamin D, an essential fat-soluble vitamin, with parathyroid hormone, is the primary hormone responsible for calcium and phosphorous homeostasis in the body. Calcium is important for pregnant women particularly for the role it plays in uterine contraction during labour and the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage (Adinma et al. 2019, 2019a, 2019b, 2020). Vitamin D deficiency is a public health problem worldwide (Matyjaszek-Matuszek et al. 2015), especially in Africa, Asia and Middle East; ironically, these are continents where this vitamin is least studied (van der Pligt et al. 2018). Vitamin D is required in pregnancy as it is essential for maternal health, foetal skeletal growth and development especially in the third trimester when the demand for calcium increases, hence its deficiency is common in pregnancy. The main sources of vitamin D are sunlight, diet and supplementations/fortifications. Vitamin D is obtained in humans endogenously when the skin is exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light and exogenously through dietary intake. Although naturally present in very few foods, two forms of dietary vitamin D are available: vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) (Polat and Uzun 2014). In the United States, the major dietary sources of vitamin D are fortified foods, while in the tropical regions the major source is the sunlight.