China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Familial Atypical Multiple Mole Melanoma Syndrome
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Tumor Syndromes, 2020
Patients also need to be educated about regular self-surveillance. Patients or their loved one should perform a monthly self-skin examination [24,93]. Patients and their family members should be counseled on the characteristics of possible melanocytic lesions, such as the ABCD rules and the ugly duck sign. Patients also need to be educated about the importance of skin and sun care. This includes avoiding as much solar radiation as possible (between 10 am−4 pm), including wearing sun protective clothing and glasses [93]. Furthermore, patients should always be applying UVA and UVB SPF15+ sunscreen. Adequate application of sunscreen is critical, as inadequate application leads to a false sense of security that might increase an individual's risk of sun damage [135]. Brian Diffey advises that sunscreen should be applied 15–30 minutes before going into the sun, and should be reapplied 15–30 minutes after initial exposure. Additional application is needed if patients participate in activities that could remove the sunscreen such as “swimming, toweling, or excessive sweating and rubbing” [136]. Jeffrey Schneider advocates for the using 2 mg/cm of body surface and the “teaspoon rule”: more than half a teaspoon on the right arm, left arm, and head/neck, and a full teaspoon on the right leg, left leg, anterior torso, and posterior torso [93,137].
Novel UV Filtering Agents for Next-Generation Cosmetics: From Phytochemicals to Inorganic Nanomaterials
Published in Madhu Gupta, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Vikas Sharma, Nagendra Singh Chauhan, Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Phytoconstituents, 2020
The efficiency of UV filtering agents, or more precisely the cosmetic claiming UV filtering abilities, is represented in the form of sun protection factor (SPF). SPF is primarily developed to represent UVB protection. SPF is defined as the ratio of the amount of UV radiation required to burn protected skin, i.e., with sunscreen, with respect to that required to burn the same unprotected skin, i.e., without sunscreen, keeping all other factors constant. The following formula represents the calculation of SPF: SPF = MED of protected skin/MED of unprotected skin(MED = minimal erythemal dose)
Skin damage from environmental hazards
Published in Ronald Marks, Richard Motley, Common Skin Diseases, 2019
Sunscreens are creams or lotions that absorb and filter out or reflect off the damaging UVR. Older sunscreens contained substances such as the esters of para-aminosalicylic acid, benzoic acid, the homosalicylates, the benzophenones and the cinnamates, designed primarily to filter out the sunburning 290 nm UVB segment, although some also gave a little protection in the UVA range. Newer sunscreen constituents give better protection against UVA as well and may be helpful in protecting against chronic photodamage and skin cancer.
Dispelling myths about sunscreen
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Sabrina Lichon Bennett, Amor Khachemoune
Sunscreens are an important tool used to protect the skin against harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The history of sunscreen can be traced back to the Egyptians, whose culture placed high value on lighter skin. They used ingredients such as rice bran, jasmine, and lupine to avoid the tanning effects of the sun (1). Modern sunscreens did not emerge until the 1930s. Two individuals are credited with the creation of the first sunscreens: Eugene Schueller and Franz Greiter. In 1935, Schueller, the founder of L’Oréal, created an oily sunscreen called ‘Ambre Solaire,’ which contained benzyl salicylate (1). Three years later, Greiter, an Austrian scientist and avid climber, became sunburnt while climbing the alpine peak Piz Buin. This spurred him to found the company Piz Buin and create the sunscreen called ‘Glacier Cream’ in 1946 (2).
Dermocosmetics: beneficial adjuncts in the treatment of acne vulgaris
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2021
Elena Araviiskaia, Jose Luis Lopez Estebaranz, Carlo Pincelli
In clinical practice, it is important for healthcare professionals (HCPs) to communicate the difference between the effects of UVA and UVB rays to patients with acne. Patients must understand that exposing their skin without any UV protection during the summer months will not improve their acne (105), instead it may aggravate the condition in later months. Titanium dioxide is a common component in cosmetic formulations, such as compact cream foundations, and provides photoprotection by absorbing UV photons (106), which may be beneficial in the management of acne. Sunscreens can be combined with moisturizers to reduce irritation and minimize negative side effects of other acne treatments (107). Following a 12-week treatment period of once-daily BPO 5% gel, twice-daily liquid cleanser and once-daily moisturizer with SPF 30, patients reported that the regimen reduced irritation from acne lesions with overall high levels of satisfaction (103). Some dermocosmetics have been designed to provide UV protection. For example, Acne RA-1,2, contains UV filters that absorb UVB and allow partial penetration of UVA. UVA rays, specifically UVA1 rays and blue light (∼400 nm), may provide anti-inflammatory effects, which has not been observed at other wavelengths (94). This UV-selective dermocosmetic may be a useful adjunct to pharmacological therapies as it may help reduce sebum production and irritation caused by other anti-acne treatments, in turn, increasing patient adherence, leading to a clinical improvement in acne (75).
Biologically effective solar ultraviolet exposures and the potential skin cancer risk for individual gold medalists of the 2020 Tokyo Summer Olympic Games
Published in Temperature, 2020
Nathan J. Downs, Taryn Axelsen, Peter Schouten, Damien, P. Igoe, Alfio, V. Parisi, Jennifer Vanos
In the current analysis, we report UV exposures but do not estimate the use of sunscreen by competitors, which would reduce the chance of burning from a given UV dose. Sunscreen has clear benefits in terms of reducing sunburn and provides some benefit for the prevention of skin cancer [67,68], especially the prevention of Squamous cell carcinoma [69]. However, to be most effective, sunscreen must be reapplied regularly, applied at the correct dosage, applied well before the expected outdoor exposure time, and in a manner that gives full skin surface coverage [70]. Further, many athletes may not use sunscreen due to concerns of it impacting performance, for example, causing greasy hands, causing thermal discomfort or affecting sweating [71,72], or getting sunscreen and sweat in their eyes. The use of sunscreen decreases thermoregulatory effectiveness; however, thermoregulatory effectiveness of sunburned skin is also reduced [72]. Thus, protecting with sunscreen and clothing as much as possible in prior weeks, practice, warm up and acclimatization to warm summer conditions [73] are all important strategies for athletes who will be competing in their Olympic uniforms. Sunscreen provides the best protection when implemented alongside other personal sun exposure reduction strategies [74]. Further analysis of competitor behavior in regard to sunscreen use at the Olympic Games has the potential to add considerably to the effective personal exposures predicted in this paper, especially in those events identified with high UV exposure potential.