China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Natural Products and Stem Cells and Their Commercial Aspects in Cosmetics
Published in Heather A.E. Benson, Michael S. Roberts, Vânia Rodrigues Leite-Silva, Kenneth A. Walters, Cosmetic Formulation, 2019
Sonia Trehan, Rose Soskind, Jemima Moraes, Vinam Puri, Bozena Michniak-Kohn
Several gums are derived from microbial fermentation processes. Xanthan gum is derived from the fermentation of sugars by Xanthomonas campestris bacterium. The viscosity is maintained in varying temperatures and pH ranges. Xanthan gum can provide foam to many shower and bathing products, including shampoos and soaps. Gellan gum comes from the fermentation of the Sphingomonas elodea bacterium and can be used as a gelling agent even in very low concentrations. Sclerotium gum is derived from the fermentation of the Scelrotium rolfsii bacterium (Dweck, 2011).
Non-Gelatin-Based Capsules
Published in Larry L. Augsburger, Stephen W. Hoag, Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, 2017
In order to use the traditional capsule manufacturing process of cold pins dipping into a hot polymer solution, gelling systems have to be added to the polymer solution. One gelling system is kappa-carrageenan; a high-molecular-weight polysaccharide made of galactose units and derived from seaweed. It is used widely in the food industry as a gelling and thickening agent. In the presence of cations and specifically potassium, kappa-carrageenan forms aggregates of carrageenan helices to form a cohesive gel network (Morris et al. 1980). Kappa-carrageenan forms strong gels in the presence of low levels of potassium chloride (0.1 M) with a thermal hysteresis between sol-to-gel and gel-to-sol transitions (Funami et al. 2007) in a suitable range for manufacturing capsules, which means that it can be used in the dipping process where cold pins dip into a hot solution of the polymer and upon retraction undergoes a sol-to-gel transformation. Gellan gum is another water-soluble polysaccharide produced by Sphingomonas elodea and is used for its gelling and thickening properties in the food industry as well as microbiological culturing material. Similar characteristics have been described for gellan gum as for kappa-carrageenan (Moritaka et al. 1995).
In vivo assessment of bone repair by an injectable nanocomposite scaffold for local co-delivery of autologous platelet-rich plasma and calcitonin in a rat model
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2022
Saeedeh Ahmadipour, Jaleh Varshosaz, Batool Hashemibeni, Maziar Manshaei, Leila Safaeian
Many types of artificial and natural polymer substances have been used as scaffolds for tissue regeneration. Gellan gum is a water-soluble natural polysaccharide obtained from the bacterium Sphingomonas elodea with carboxylic acid functional groups. The backbone of this polymer consists of a tetrasaccharide repeating unit comprising two residues of D-glucose and a D-glucuronic acid and L-rhamnose. It is widely used as a food additive, cosmetic and pharmaceutical excipient with different roles like thickener, emulsifier, and stabilizer. A small number of articles have been reported on the pharmacology of materials, such as gellan gum hydrogels. Sebria et al. [6] reported that hydrogel of gellan gum exhibited a slight antibacterial property toward Staphylococcus aureus with inhibition zone measured. During the time of implantation, the hydrogels of gellan gum-methacrylated and photo-crosslinked gellan gum-methacrylated could control the invasion of blood vessels and infiltration of endothelial cells [7].
Formulation, optimization, and nephrotoxicity evaluation of an antifungal in situ nasal gel loaded with voriconazole‒clove oil transferosomal nanoparticles
Published in Drug Delivery, 2021
Ahmed K. Kammoun, Alaa Khedr, Maha A. Hegazy, Ahmad J. Almalki, Khaled M. Hosny, Walaa A. Abualsunun, Samar S. A. Murshid, Rana B. Bakhaidar
In situ gels are gel bases that are applied as liquid drops and change into gel form at the site of application. Their gelation can be triggered by a change in pH or temperature, exchange of solvents, exposure to ultraviolet radiation, or ionic interaction (Hosny et al., 2020). Deacetylated gellan gum (DGG) is an extracellular polysaccharide obtained from the Gram-negative pathogen Sphingomonas elodea (Zhu et al., 2015). It has a parallel double-helix structure, and when it is made into a solution with a known concentration, it attains the property of cation-induced gelation (Singh & Lee, 2014). The unique character of DGG has allowed it to be used for oral (Hamed et al., 2012; Darvishi et al., 2013), ocular (Mutalik & Udupa, 2003; Lee et al., 2007; Baldisserotto et al., 2018), and nasal delivery systems (Cao et al., 2009; Galgatte et al., 2014)
Green nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems for osteogenic disorders
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2020
David Medina-Cruz, Ebrahim Mostafavi, Ada Vernet-Crua, Junjiang Cheng, Veer Shah, Jorge Luis Cholula-Diaz, Gregory Guisbiers, Juan Tao, José Miguel García-Martín, Thomas J. Webster
Gellan xanthan gum is an anionic exocellular polysaccharide derived from the bacteria Sphingomonas elodea. Gellan xanthan gels were combined with chitosan NPs, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) in a dual growth factor delivery system, in order to promote the differentiation of human fetal osteoblasts (Figure 3(d)). The results of an in vitro study concluded that the dual GFs loaded gels showed a higher ALP and calcium deposition, compared to single GFs loaded gels [111]. The gels also showed antibacterial effects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis – the common pathogens in a possible implant failure [112,113]