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A Complicated Pulmonary Cystic Echinococcosis in Pregnancy
Published in Wickii T. Vigneswaran, Thoracic Surgery, 2019
Yulia N. Matveeva, Kalpaj R. Parekh
Echinococcosis, or hydatid disease, is caused by Echinococcus tapeworms. Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis are of clinical significance causing, respectively, cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE). CE comprises over 95% of all hydatid disease cases and is endemic in pastoral areas of South America, the Mediterranean region, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Russia, Africa, China, and Japan, with an annual incidence ranging from 1 to 200 per 100,000 inhabitants; the incidence is higher in certain endemic areas [1]. Human AE is much less common with an incidence of 0.03–1.2 per 100,000 inhabitants, with most cases occurring in China.
An Overview of Helminthiasis
Published in Venkatesan Jayaprakash, Daniele Castagnolo, Yusuf Özkay, Medicinal Chemistry of Neglected and Tropical Diseases, 2019
Leyla Yurttaș, Betül Kaya Çavușoğlu, Derya Osmaniye, Ulviye Acar Çevik
Four species of Echinococcus are of public health concern: E. granulosus, E. vogeli, E. oligarthus and E. multilocularis. Tapeworms of this genus are small in contrast to T. solium and T. saginata. The adult E. granulosus can reach 3–6 mm long and resides in the small bowel of the definitive hosts like dogs and other canids as well as domestic and wild ungulates (Moro and Schantz 2009). Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus cause two distinct diseases in humans and animals, namely alveolar echinococcosis (AE) and cystic echinococcosis (CE). In humans, cystic echinococcosis, known as hydatid disease, develops in the liver, followed by the kidneys, lungs, spleen, muscle, soft tissues, bone and brain (Tappe et al. 2010). Hepatic cysts are usually not palpable until 20 cm. In addition, they may cause jaundice and portal hypertension. E. granulosus preferentially targets the liver and the lung. Pulmonary hydatid E. granulosus cysts are a major public health problem in countries where dogs are used to care for large herds. Approximately 90% of the pulmonary hydatid cysts are solitary, and 10% are associated with a concomitant cyst in the liver (Tappe et al. 2010).
Echinococcus and Echinococcosis
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Wenbao Zhang, Jun Li, Dominique A. Vuitton, Patrick Giraudoux, Donald P. McManus, Hao Wen
As a near-cosmopolitan zoonosis caused by tapeworms (cestodes) belonging to the genus Echinococcus, family Taeniidae, echinococcosis generally covers two diseases: cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE), due to Echinococcus granulosus (a complex of species and strains, see below) and Echinococcus multilocularis, respectively.1 Echinococcosis can be very common locally but still largely neglected. Globally, CE is responsible for most of the burden of echinococcosis,2 although AE is re-emerging with increasing frequency in Europe3–6 and western China.7–16 It is estimated that 4 million people are infected and >400 million at risk of infection worldwide.17–20
Echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces enhance glycolysis to promote M2 Macrophages through PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2023
Tao Zhang, Yaogang Zhang, Zihan Yang, Yuan Jiang, Li Sun, Dengliang Huang, Meiyuan Tian, Yinhong Shen, Jun Deng, Jing Hou, Yanyan Ma
Alveolar Echinococcosis (AE) is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus multilocularis (E. multilocularis), which is widely distributed in northern Hemisphere, such as western China, Canada, France and Germany [1,2]. AE was one of the most important infectious diseases on the Tibetan Plateau (such as Qinghai, Tibet, Sichuan and Xinjiang), 91% of the new AE cases in the world came from China, and 90% of them were from the Tibetan Plateau [3–5]. The growth of Alveolar Echinococcosis lesions is invasive in the host body, as newly diagnosed AE patients usually have reached an advanced stage and the death rate of patients in 10 years without treatment could reach 90% [5,6], so it also called ‘worm cancer’ [7]. Therefore, AE is considered to be one of the most lethal chronic parasitosis diseases and seriously threat to life and health [1,8,9].
Diagnosis of echinococcosis by detecting circulating cell-free DNA and miRNA
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2023
Mahboubeh Hadipour, Majid Fasihi Harandi, Hossein Mirhendi, Hossein Yousofi Darani
Echinococcosis is a chronic zoonotic infection causing a significant public health problem that affects many people around the world. World health organization (WHO) has considered echinococcosis as a major neglected disease [1-3]. This disease is classified into cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE), which are caused by the larvae stages of the tapeworms Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato and Echinococcus multilocularis, respectively [4]. Humans as the accidental intermediate host can be infected with the larval stage of the Echinococcus granulosus known as hydatid cyst. Canines are the definitive hosts for both species. CE is mainly perpetuated in a dog-livestock cycle, whereas AE is maintained in foxes and rodents [5]. The fluid-filled hydatid cysts mostly develop in the liver and lungs [6]. AE generally affects people in the northern hemisphere while CE has a higher prevalence across the world, especially in western China, Central Asia, the Middle East, Africa, South America, and Mediterranean countries [7,8].
Stereotactic radiofrequency ablation of a variety of liver masses in children
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2020
Benjamin Hetzer, Georg-Friedrich Vogel, Andreas Entenmann, Michel Heil, Peter Schullian, Daniel Putzer, Bernhard Meister, Roman Crazzolara, Gabriele Kropshofer, Christina Salvador, Simon Straub, Daniela Karall, Christian Niederwanger, Gérard Cortina, Andreas Janecke, Karin Freund-Unsinn, Kathrin Maurer, Gisela Schweigmann, Georg Oberhuber, Oliver Renz, Stefan Schneeberger, Thomas Müller, Reto Bale
SRFA treatment was indicated for the following reasons: in patient 1 (Table 1) SRFA was performed for local disease control of recurrent chemo-resistant hepatoblastoma after left hemihepatectomy, with increasing alpha fetoprotein levels while awaiting LTx (Figure 1). Indication for SRFA in patient 2 with Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome was suspected hepatoblastoma as described previously [17]. In patient 3, SRFA was intended as ‘bridging’ therapy to LTx as the definite diagnosis and exclusion of a potential neuromuscular impairment were not yet determined (Figure 1). In both patients with Tyrosinemia type I (patients 4 and 5, Table 1), SRFA was indicated to prevent imminent risk of malignancy with rising alpha-fetoprotein values. Patient 6 suffered from glycogen storage disease. Liver tumor biopsy showed beta catenin alterations. SRFA was performed due to the adenoma’s size and the associated risk of bleeding. An extended mesohepatic liver resection was not applicable to patient 7, suffering from Echinococcus multilocularis infection. Therefore, minimal invasive percutaneous SRFA was offered as an alternative treatment (Figure 2). In patient 8, four liver metastases of Stage IV neuroblastoma were treated by SRFA in a palliative setting. Patient 9 suffered from multifocal IMTs with liver lesions. The patient underwent SRFA after tumor extirpation and crizotinib therapy [20]. In patient 10, SRFA was opted for a single liver metastasis of a solid pancreatic pseudopapillary tumor.