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The Surgical Treatment of Pulmonary Echinococcosis
Published in Wickii T. Vigneswaran, Thoracic Surgery, 2019
Gillian Alex, Christopher W. Seder, Ozuru Ukoha
Echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus. It is found throughout the world but is concentrated in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. It carries a large societal and socioeconomic burden in the developing world and has been recently listed as a neglected treatable disease (NTD) by the World Health Organization (WHO) [1]. The following is a report of a young female who presented to a large urban county hospital in the United States with pulmonary cystic Echinococcosis.
Gastrointestinal and liver infections
Published in Michael JG Farthing, Anne B Ballinger, Drug Therapy for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, 2019
The primary aim of treatment for non-viral liver and biliary tract infections is eradication of the pathogen early in the course of the illness to avoid chronic complications. This is particularly important in schistosomiasis when longstanding infection often results in irreversible liver fibrosis, portal hypertension and its complications particularly variceal bleeding. Similarly, eradication of liver flukes early in the course of the illness is important to avoid irreversible biliary tract fibrosis with its septic complications, and possibly secondary biliary cirrhosis. Liver abscesses usually present with a typical clinical syndrome and thus chronic complications are usually avoided. However, drainage procedures may be required in addition to antimicrobial chemotherapy when there is associated biliary obstruction or with large and multi-locular liver abscesses. Similarly, the cystic disease associated with echinococcus infection almost always requires a combination of antimicrobial agents and drainage; the precise method remains controversial but may be surgical or percutaneous.
Introductory Remarks
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Parasites are eukaryotic organisms that live in or on another organism (host) and obtain nutritional benefits at the expense of their host. Parasites involved in foodborne infections and diseases can be separated into protozoa and helminthes (cestode, trematode, and nematode). Foodborne parasites of note are protozoa Giardia spp., Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Acanthamoeba, Cyclospora cayetanensis, and Sarcocystis; cestodes Taenia spp., Echinococcus spp., and Diphyllobothrium; trematodes Paragonimus spp., Opisthorchis spp., Fasciola spp., Clonorchis, and Nanophyetus; and nematodes Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichinella spp., Anisakis, Eustrongylides, and Trichuris trichiura [7,10,11].
Imaging of infectious and inflammatory cystic lesions of the brain, a narrative review
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2023
Anna Cervantes-Arslanian, Hector H Garcia, Otto Rapalino
Echinococcus is found worldwide in most pastoral areas with prevalence in certain endemic rural areas (Argentina, Peru, Central Asia, China, East Africa) of 5–10% [22]. The most common clinical manifestation is liver and lung cysts with neurologic involvement in less than 5% [23]. The larval stage of the cestode genus Echinococcus is responsible for the formation of intracranial hydatid cysts. E. granulosus (cystic hydatid disease) is characterized by solitary, large, and unilocular, cysts without much surrounding edema. E. multilocularis (alveolar hydatid disease) causes multiple clusters of small cysts with significant edematous reaction [20]. Patients may present with seizures and intracranial hypertension. Symptoms tend to be more severe with E. multilocularis.
Diagnosis of echinococcosis by detecting circulating cell-free DNA and miRNA
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2023
Mahboubeh Hadipour, Majid Fasihi Harandi, Hossein Mirhendi, Hossein Yousofi Darani
Echinococcosis is a chronic zoonotic infection causing a significant public health problem that affects many people around the world. World health organization (WHO) has considered echinococcosis as a major neglected disease [1-3]. This disease is classified into cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE), which are caused by the larvae stages of the tapeworms Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato and Echinococcus multilocularis, respectively [4]. Humans as the accidental intermediate host can be infected with the larval stage of the Echinococcus granulosus known as hydatid cyst. Canines are the definitive hosts for both species. CE is mainly perpetuated in a dog-livestock cycle, whereas AE is maintained in foxes and rodents [5]. The fluid-filled hydatid cysts mostly develop in the liver and lungs [6]. AE generally affects people in the northern hemisphere while CE has a higher prevalence across the world, especially in western China, Central Asia, the Middle East, Africa, South America, and Mediterranean countries [7,8].
An accidental finding of a giant intra-abdominal mass
Published in Acta Chirurgica Belgica, 2023
Jonathan Mertens, Ann Driessen, Niels Komen
We report a 61-year-old male patient from Turkish origin with a history of non-insulin dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary artery bypass graft, gastric bypass surgery and multiple lower limb vascular stents. The patient had no active complaints and standard laboratory tests, including hemoglobin, total and differential white blood cell count, kidney and liver tests and inflammatory markers, were all within the reference range. HbA1c measured 47 mmol/mol [29–42 mmol/mol], which indicated adequate metabolic control. There was no history of weight loss, night sweats nor lymphadenopathy. He underwent an abdominal ultrasound examination as part of a routine clinical examination to screen for liver steatosis. The abdominal ultrasound showed a large cystic lesion opposite to the left liver lobe, reaching into the pelvic area. A daughter cyst was also visible. Caudally, multiple septa were visualized. At this point, since the patient often traveled to and from Turkey, hydatid cyst due to Echinococcus infection was the primary differential diagnosis. Serology tests for Echinococcus were negative and plain radiography of the thorax did not reveal any pulmonary lesions, which are common signs of Echinococcus infection [14].