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Management of Conditions and Symptoms
Published in Amy J. Litterini, Christopher M. Wilson, Physical Activity and Rehabilitation in Life-threatening Illness, 2021
Amy J. Litterini, Christopher M. Wilson
A condition also seen during liver failure which may accompany ascites is jaundice, or icterus, when the skin and the sclera (whites of the eyes) become yellow due to excessive amounts of bilirubin, or hyperbilirubinemia. Pruritus, or itchy skin, may also be present. Jaundice can cause significant distress for both the patient and their loved ones due to the rather alarming and disturbing physical appearance that it can cause. Jaundice is typically diagnosed by observation on physical exam, and the source confirmed by liver function tests.
Fetal and neonatal medicine
Published in Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge, MCQs in Paediatrics, 2020
Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge
The symptoms of neonatal urinary tract infection are non-specific. The most common presentation is septicaemia or meningitis. Jaundice may be a prominent symptom. Infection is often acquired in utero, especially if the mother has urinary tract infection. The incidence in twins is not increased.
Case 40: Jaundice
Published in Iqbal Khan, Medical Histories for the MRCP and Final MB, 2018
Management of jaundice depends upon the underlying diagnosis. If malignancy (pancreatic, cholangiocarcinoma) is discovered, it has to be staged using radiological tests treated according to the stage of the disease.
Heating of metallic biliary stents during magnetic hyperthermia of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: an in silico study
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2022
Oriano Bottauscio, Irene Rubia-Rodríguez, Alessandro Arduino, Luca Zilberti, Mario Chiampi, Daniel Ortega
The bile duct is a tube that connects the gallbladder and the duodenum in the small intestine to transport there the bile, where it performs essential tasks for food digestion [11]. This tube is part of the biliary tree, which starts in the liver. The part of this tree that comes out from the gallbladder is called cystic duct which is joined along with the common hepatic duct into the common bile duct. This goes through the pancreas and joins with the pancreatic duct, ending up in the ampulla of Vater in the duodenum. It is very common to see that the tumor blocks this path in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients, avoiding the bile to reach the small intestine [12]. This is clinically shown as jaundice (yellow colored skin) due to the accumulation of bilirubin in the blood, which is a component of the bile.
The potential of plant-made vaccines to fight picornavirus
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2020
Omayra C. Bolaños-Martínez, Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
The Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is an atypical member of the Picornaviridae family classified taxonomically within a unique picornaviral genus: Hepatovirus, which comprises a single serotype of human HAV and other closely related mammalian viruses [39]. Infection by HAV is typically acquired by ingestion and the virus replicates within hepatocytes, the epithelial cells lining the crypts of the small intestine have been suggested as primary replication sites. Approximately 1.5 million people are infected annually with HAV and the incidence is related to socio-economic conditions such as density of housing, sanitation, and quality of water. The disease is characterized by jaundice and leads to acute liver failure. Prevention of Hepatitis A can be achieved by vaccination and adequate sanitation. Nowadays two types of HAV vaccines are used, which are based on formaldehyde-killed or attenuated HAV. Most countries have opted for the use of killed vaccines for pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis; considering their superior immunogenicity and the low risk of reversion to virulence [40,41].
Epidemiology, clinical and laboratory findings of leptospirosis in Southwestern Greece
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2020
Despoina Gkentzi, Maria Lagadinou, Panagiotis Bountouris, Odyssefs Dimitrakopoulos, Christos Triantos, Markos Marangos, Fotini Paliogianni, Stelios F. Assimakopoulos
In general, the majority of patients with leptospirosis that present to hospital have an acute, undifferentiated fever syndrome. In our study, as expected and well documented in the literature, the majority of patients also presented with fever. With regards to the conjuctival suffusion, which has been classically described as a very sensitive disease symptom, it was only present in one fourth of our patients. The latter has been previously noted and it is though that this particular clinical sign is likely underestimated [13]. Likened to the tip of an iceberg, icteric leptospirosis or Weil’s syndrome is characterized by multiorgan damage with jaundice, renal failure, myocardial involvement and pulmonary hemorrhage [2,5,14–18]. Eighteen patients (40%) in our cohort had jaundice which is associated with a more severe course of the disease. However, the presence of jaundice raises the degree of suspicion for leptospirosis in cases of undifferentiated fever and could lead to earlier disease diagnosis and prompt treatment initiation.