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Anxiety and somatoform disorders
Published in Laeth Sari Nasir, Arwa K Abdul-Haq, Caring for Arab Patients, 2018
Brigitte Khoury, Michel R Khoury, Laeth S Nasir
The DSM-IV mentions three subcategories of this disorder: pain disorder associated with psychological factors: psychological problems are found to be the main factor behind the onset and the maintenance of the pain disorderpain disorder associated with both psychological factors and a general medical condition: both conditions are found to be behind the onset of the disorder and play a role in exacerbationspain disorder associated with a general medical condition: a medical condition is the sole cause of the pain disorder without the presence of any contributing psychological problems. This subtype is generally listed under axis III of the multiaxial diagnosis in DSM-IV as a medical condition and not as a mental disorder.
Development of palliative medicine in the United Kingdom and Ireland
Published in Eduardo Bruera, Irene Higginson, Charles F von Gunten, Tatsuya Morita, Textbook of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, 2015
Current diagnostic criteria for somatization disorders reflect a focus on medically unexplained or unaccounted for symptoms, but proposed changes to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV suggest a possible shift away from this conceptualization. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV Â 13 defines somatoform disorders as a group of specific disorders or problems characterized by persistent bodily symptoms or concerns that cannot be fully accounted for by a diagnosable disease. Somatization disorder is one of a group of disorders known as somatoform disorders. Hypochondriasis, for example, is the persistent, unfounded worry or conviction, despite adequate medical assurance to the contrary, that one has a serious medical illness. Somatization is a chronic condition consisting of multiple and specific categories of medically unexplained physical complaints that occur over a prolonged period of time. Pain disorder involves the persistence of medically unexplained pain symptoms. In the medical literature, the term "functional somatic syndrome" refers to several syndromes in which the symptoms and subsequent suffering and disability are not fully explained by demonstrable tissue abnormality. Â 14* These patients may express symptoms such as gastrointestinal symptoms and fatigue in addition to pain. Individuals who meet diagnostic criteria for functional somatic syndromes, as defined in the medical literature, have higher rates of somatoform disorders, as defined in the DSM-IV, and higher rates of anxiety and depression. Â 14*
Assessment of the patient with neuropathic pain
Published in Peter R Wilson, Paul J Watson, Jennifer A Haythornthwaite, Troels S Jensen, Clinical Pain Management, 2008
Hanne Gottrup, Troels S Jensen
In the evaluation of a patient with a suspected neuropathic pain disorder, it is important to assess and classify the condition on the basis of: the underlying disorder;the anatomical location;the characteristics of the pain;the pain intensity;the associated features; andthe possible mechanisms involved.
Predictors of return to work after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury: a systematic review of current literature and recommendations for future research
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Helena Van Deynse, Carl Ilunga Kazadi, Eva Kimpe, Ives Hubloue, Maarten Moens, Koen Putman
Among injury predictors, strong evidence was found for a positive relationship between GCS and employment outcome [21–25]. Only weak evidence could be found for an association between time to follow verbal commands and return to work [23,30]. For other variables, evidence was absent or inconsistent. Evidence for an association with duration of coma and Post-Traumatic Amnesia (PTA) was, respectively, insufficient and inconsistent. Regarding overall injury severity measures, findings were inconsistent for Injury Severity Score. As for LOS in acute hospitalization, which is often considered to be an indicator of injury severity, strong evidence was found for a negative association with length of hospital stay (LOS) [21,25,27]. In the decision tree model for one-year employment outcome by Stromberg et al., those with an LOS of over 27 days had a worse prognosis [20]. No clear evidence was found for an association with LOS in rehabilitation or in intensive care. Furthermore, there was insufficient evidence for other possible predictors concerning healthcare utilization, such as craniotomy, rehospitalization, discharge destination. The same can be said for cause of injury, pain disorder, limb injury and comorbidity. Evidence was inconsistent for physical (mobility) limitations.
Prevalence of mental disorders in patients with cancer compared to matched controls – secondary analysis of two nationally representative surveys
Published in Acta Oncologica, 2022
Sigrun Vehling, Anja Mehnert-Theuerkauf, Rebecca Philipp, Martin Härter, Klaus Kraywinkel, Ronny Kuhnert, Uwe Koch
We found lower rates of substance use disorders in cancer patients compared to controls, similar to earlier studies [13,26]. As Mehnert et al. [16] discussed, this may be due to the small percentage of patients with alcohol- and tobacco-associated tumors according to the stratified cancer sample, interview reporting bias, or substance cessation after cancer. We found a three times higher rate of mental disorders due to a general medical condition. To our knowledge, there is no earlier study comparing this type of disorder in cancer vs. controls so far. The risk increase may reflect discussed pathophysiological effects of cancer and its treatment [5]. Notably pain disorder, defined by persistent severe pain not sufficiently explainable by the cancer or another underlying medical condition, was also two times more frequent in cancer patients. Complex chronic pain is frequent in cancer survivors, and might be associated with a higher risk for pain disorder when untreated [27].
Clinical Significance and Cut-Off Scores for the Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale in Chronic Insomnia Disorder: A Replication in a Clinical Sample
Published in Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 2020
Kristina Puzino, Gregory Amatrudo, Alanna Sullivan, Alexandros N. Vgontzas, Julio Fernandez-Mendoza
Table 1 presents the demographic and clinical characteristics of the study sample with chronic insomnia disorder (n = 248) as well as those characteristics for the overall clinic sample (n = 382) and those patients with other sleep disorders who were not included in the analyses (n = 126). The 248 patients with chronic insomnia disorder were predominantly females (65.3%), non-obese (67.7%), middle-aged or older (69.0%) and non-Hispanic white (89.1%). The presence of a mood disorder was the most frequent comorbidity (39.5%), followed by a chronic pain disorder (38.7%) and an anxiety disorder (35.5%).