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Psychological Medicine
Published in John S. Axford, Chris A. O'Callaghan, Medicine for Finals and Beyond, 2023
Harrison Howarth, Jim Bolton, Gary Bell
A number of psychiatric syndromes that include medically unexplained symptoms are described. Somatization disorder: multiple chronic physical symptoms for which no adequate physical explanation can be foundHypochondriacal disorder: persistent preoccupation with the possibility of a serious diseaseDissociative (conversion) disorder: patients have symptoms of a neurological disorder (e.g. amnesia, paralysis, convulsions) but no evidence for a primary illness to account for the symptoms
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Limbic Encephalopathy in a Dysregulated Neuroimmune Network
Published in Jay A. Goldstein, Chronic Fatigue Syndromes, 2020
Hysterical disorders are not common and only two of my patients have had multiple personality disorder. Dissociative disorders or fugue states which also occur more frequently in victims of child abuse could be subsumed under temporal lobe phenomena. Hypochondriacs present much less frequently than would be expected, although they may come to the office of the CFS practitioner in their long search for help. Inquiring of these patients about temporolimbic symptoms should be done but it is rarely productive. It is not difficult for me to distinguish the patient with somatization disorder from one with CFS. Patients with somatization disorder should not have recurrent flu-like illnesses with sore throat, specific encoding problems, fibromyalgia tender points, laboratory results suggesting immune activation, or characteristic findings on brain functional imaging. The symptoms of somatization disorder must begin prior to age 30 in order to be diagnosed by DSM-III-R criteria. The average age of onset of CFS is the mid-30s. I thus find patients with somatization disorder to be rare, although the diagnosis is made frequently.
Psychiatric Disorders
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
Hypochondriasis refers to an excessive morbid anxiety about one's health. This may result in a condition termed somatization disorder, also known as Briquet's syndrome, with recurrent and multiple physical complaints without apparent physical cause. Other somatoform disorders include conversion disorder and body dysmorphic disorder.
Association between sleep patterns, somatization, and depressive symptoms among Russian university students
Published in Chronobiology International, 2023
Sofia Dokuka, Oxana Mikhaylova, Ekaterina Krekhovets
The somatic health of the participants was assessed using the 15-item somatization module of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-15; Kocalevent et al. 2013). Participants were asked to evaluate the severity of their 15 most prevalent somatization disorder somatic symptoms (those accounting for more than 90% of their physical complaints; Kocalevent et al. 2013) over the most recent 4 weeks, using a 3-point scale (0 = not bothered at all, 1 = bothered a little, and 2 = bothered a lot). Participants reported sleep problems, back pain, feeling tired, headache, stomach pain, and others. The scores for each item have been summarized, and the total scores range from 0 to 30, with a lower value indicating that the respondent has a better self-perception of their somatic health. Total scores of 0–5, 5–9, 10–14, and 15–30 indicate that the person has almost no somatization symptoms, mild somatization symptoms, moderate symptoms, and severe symptoms, respectively. The Russian language version of PHQ-15 has been applied for health evaluations of Russian-speaking samples and has demonstrated good psychometric properties (Hirsch et al. 2013). In our sample, the Cronbach’s alpha of the scale was 0.81.
Impact of dissociative experiences in migraine and its close relationship with osmophobia
Published in Neurological Research, 2020
Hikmet Saçmacı, Gül Ferda Cengiz, Tülin Aktürk
Dissociation is closely intertwined with many symptomatologies in modern psychopathology. According to DSM-5, it is defined as ‘‘a disruption of and/or discontinuity in the normal integration of consciousness, memory, identity, emotion, perception, body representation, motor control, and behavior’. It is more commonly associated with focusing on one aspect of experiences and blocking others [8]. There are few studies on the psychophysiology of dissociative stress reactions. In most of these studies, it was emphasized that stress-induced parasympathetic findings were enhanced [9]. Its association with neuroanatomic pathways has been investigated and suggested that ‘a decrease in gray matter volume with subcortical pathways and irregular aberrant stimuli may occur in the insular cortex, temporal and parietal lobes’ [10]. Patients with dissociative disorders report numerous somatic complaints, especially in migraine headaches. These complaints are sometimes intense enough to require a diagnosis of somatization disorder.
The Use of the Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale in a Primary Care Setting
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2018
Laura A. Richardson, John H. Porcerelli, V. Barry Dauphin, Pierre Morris, William Murdoch
A primary intervention that physicians use is reassuring patients that their problems are not related to a medical cause (Rief, Heitmuller, Reisberg, & Rudell, 2006). However, the International Classification of Diseases (10th ed. [ICD–10]; World Health Organization, 1992) includes a criterion that medical reassurance for patients with somatization disorder is not effective and that patients continue to attribute their symptoms to a diagnostic explanation (Rief, Hiller, & Margraf, 1998). Consequently, patients might find it distressing when physicians fail to provide an explanation for their symptoms (Rief et al., 2006). Effective psychoeducation on the etiology, manifestation, and treatment of somatic symptoms in addition to early therapeutic interventions might assist in symptom reduction. There can be added benefit, for providers, in assessing underlying processes that increase a person's vulnerability to somatic symptoms. Such an assessment can create an understanding of the patient–doctor relationship and the patient's use of health care services.