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Published in Jamie Bartram, Rachel Baum, Peter A. Coclanis, David M. Gute, David Kay, Stéphanie McFadyen, Katherine Pond, William Robertson, Michael J. Rouse, Routledge Handbook of Water and Health, 2015
In the plumbing system of hospitals – water taps and shower heads, sink drains and sanitation systems – only bacterial pathogens can proliferate; viruses and parasites are not able to proliferate. Some of the most important plumbing system associated waterborne pathogens are: Acinetobacter spp., Klebsiellaspp., Legionellaspp., non-tuberculosis Mycobacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia, Enterobacteriaceae (E. coli, Serratia spp., Enterobacterspp., Citrobacter, Raoultellaspp.), Raoultellaspp., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Sphingomonas spp., Ralstonia pickettii, fungi (Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp.) and amoeba-associated bacteria (Leegionella anisa, Bosea massiliensis).1,2,4
Comparison of the clinical characteristics and outcomes of bloodstream infections caused by Raoultella species and Klebsiella pneumoniae
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2020
Kyung-Wook Hong, Yun-Hong Cheon, Kyunglan Moon, Sun In Hong, Byung-Han Ryu, Oh-Hyun Cho, In-Gyu Bae
The scientific literature on human infections caused by Raoultella spp. consists mainly of case reports combined with a literature review. de Jong et al. [7] reported case series of 14 Raoultella, 28 Klebsiella oxytoca, and 28 K. pneumoniae BSIs, which focussed on the cause of the bacteraemia. The genus Raoultella was originally considered to be an extremely rare human pathogen with a relatively low virulence. However, severe cases of Raoultella spp. infection have been reported increasingly more frequently [15]. Podschun et al. [16,17] determined that Raoultella spp. might have similar pathogenicity to K. pneumoniae on the basis of their ability to express similar putative virulence factors. The Raoultella and Klebsiella genera both belong to the family Enterobacteriaceae, and share some characteristics such as a tendency to attach to human tissue easily and an ability to form biofilm [27,28]. The similarities and differences between Raoultella and K. pneumoniae BSIs have not been studied previously; therefore, we evaluated the clinical characteristics and outcomes of Raoultella BSIs compared to K. pneumoniae BSIs.