China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Autoimmune conditions
Published in Ibrahim Natalwala, Ammar Natalwala, E Glucksman, MCQs in Neurology and Neurosurgery for Medical Students, 2022
Ibrahim Natalwala, Ammar Natalwala, E Glucksman
FALSE – Muscle weakness is usually proximal and symmetrical and thus patients with autoimmune myopathies have difficulty getting up from chairs, climbing stairs or brushing their hair. Patients can have significant myalgia as a result of the inflammation. Creatine kinase is usually raised. Diagnosis is made using electromyography and muscle biopsy.
Biopsy Processing Protocol
Published in Maher Kurdi, Neuromuscular Pathology Made Easy, 2021
Muscle biopsy is the initial step of the diagnostic process in a patient with a neuromuscular condition. Accurate selection of the biopsied muscle will help the pathologist to detect and conclude the morphological findings. This is based on a detailed clinical history, physical examination, and investigations of the symptomatic patient. Electrodiagnostic studies through electromyography (EMG) or nerve conduction tests (NCTs) are always helpful in the differential diagnosis as well as the histological assessment.
Neurological and neuromuscular disorders
Published in Rachel U Sidwell, Mike A Thomson, Concise Paediatrics, 2020
Rachel U Sidwell, Mike A Thomson
Some are due to ultrastructural deformities of the muscles, and some to abnormalities within the mitochondrial DNA and involve metabolic defects and features in other organs. Muscle biopsy is usually involved in diagnosis.
The Diagnostic Yield of Electromyography at Detecting Abnormalities on Muscle Biopsy: A Single Center Experience
Published in The Neurodiagnostic Journal, 2021
Patrick B. Moloney, Stela Lefter, Aisling M. Ryan, Michael Jansen, Niamh Bermingham, Brian McNamara
Muscle biopsy was performed on symptomatic muscle (preferably mildly weak muscle) by open surgical technique. In general, biopsies were performed on muscle that had been examined by EMG, contralateral to the side of electrodiagnostic study. Vastus lateralis (n = 157) was most frequently biopsied, followed by deltoid (n = 14), biceps brachii (n = 2), trapezius (n = 1) and supraspinatus (n = 1). All muscle biopsies were reviewed and interpreted by the neuropathologists (M.J. and N.B.) at our institution. Muscle biopsy findings for each patient were classified as showing: (1) specific myopathy; (2) nonspecific myopathy; (3) denervation or (4) normal findings. Examples of specific myopathies included: polymyositis; dermatomyositis; inclusion body myositis; dystrophic myopathies (predominantly dystrophic pathological changes, irrespective of specific dystrophy type); mitochondrial myopathies; necrotizing myopathies; nemaline myopathies; congenital myopathies; and metabolic myopathies. Muscle biopsies were classified as showing nonspecific myopathy if they displayed myopathic changes (e.g., variation in fiber shape and size, rounded fibers, increased internal nuclei, necrotic fibers) with insufficient evidence to make a specific myopathy diagnosis.
Stem cell applications in regenerative medicine for stress urinary incontinence: A review of effectiveness based on clinical trials
Published in Arab Journal of Urology, 2020
Bara Barakat, Knut Franke, Samer Schakaki, Sameh Hijazi, Viktoria Hasselhof, Thomas-Alexander Vögeli
Despite technical difficulties in the past, MDSC-based therapy has proven to be a promising option for patients with UI in recent years, with the cultivation of these cells and the selection of stem cells [42]. As such, MDSC-based therapy is an important and easily accessible source of adult stem cells for the treatment of UI. The procurement of muscle tissue is associated with minimal morbidity by the easy sampling of muscle biopsy under local anaesthesia [43]. However, the isolated autologous MDSCs must first be expanded in vitro and cultured for a short time before injection into the urethral sphincter [42,43,44]. Deasy et al. [45] and Wu et al. [46] have shown that MDSCs have great potential for tissue regeneration through their proliferation and self-renewal. MDSC-injection therapy offers the advantage that the cells injected into the rhabdosphincter form so-called myotubes and myofibres, which are not only regarded as blocking agents, but also are physiologically capable of improving the function of the sphincters [47]. In all the clinical studies published on UI, autologous MDSCs were injected directly into the rhabdosphincter either transurethrally or periurethrally.
Cancer-associated myositis: an elusive entity
Published in Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 2019
Beenish Fayyaz, Hafiz J. Rehman, Hakim Uqdah
MRI right shoulder was performed which showed edema and enlargement of muscle groups. A muscle biopsy was subsequently performed but was unremarkable. Meanwhile, his skin biopsy showed severe cutaneous necrosis along with lymphocytic infiltration. Based on the clinical findings and skin biopsy results, the diagnosis of dermatomyositis was made although the autoimmune workup was unremarkable. The recommendation of age-/gender-appropriate cancer screening was followed. His colonoscopy done two years back was unremarkable for any malignancy while due to history of smoking, he had his CT chest done one year back which showed right lung nodules and an anterior mediastinal mass. CT chest was repeated which showed stable right lung nodules and a lobulated thymic mass (Figure 3.)