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Thermography by Specialty
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
Myopathy refers to disorders with muscle weakness due to dysfunction of muscle fiber. Muscle cramps, stiffness, and muscle spasms can also occur. Pain is not a typical symptom of myopathy. Upon thermal imaging, flaccid myopathies with weakness and muscle disuse appear cool over the involved muscles, while muscular cramps or “tight” myopathies will appear warm due to the heat produced by prolonged, intense muscular contraction. This heat is conducted to overlying skin where it can be viewed thermographically (Figure 11.14). White blood cells and macrophages are generally absent in non-inflammatory myopathy, thus production of NO is not a major feature. The muscular dystrophies, mitochondrial myopathies, and glycogen storage diseases are non-inflammatory myopathies.64
Anesthetic Recovery
Published in Michele Barletta, Jane Quandt, Rachel Reed, Equine Anesthesia and Pain Management, 2023
Philip Kiefer, Jane Quandt, Michele Barletta
Clinical signs of myopathy: Difficulty standing in recovery.Swollen firm muscle mass, generally on the dependent side.Patients generally appear painful.Red/brown urine due to myoglobinuria. Myoglobin will be released from damaged myocytes and eliminated via the kidneys.Large amounts of myoglobin can result in acute renal failure.
Classification of Myopathy
Published in Maher Kurdi, Neuromuscular Pathology Made Easy, 2021
The word myopathy is taken from a Greek name (Myo: muscle + Pathy: suffering), meaning muscle diseases. It clinically implies muscle weakness. Myopathy can be sporadic and hereditary due to genetic mutations or acquired resulting from several systemic diseases. Patients seek medical advice when their symptoms and signs become progressive and unusual.
Ophthalmological Manifestations of Hereditary Myopathies
Published in Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility, 2022
Marta Saint-Gerons, Miguel Angel Rubio, Gemma Aznar, Ana Matheu
Congenital myopathies are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of muscle diseases that begin generally in childhood. They present with motor weakness, hypotonia, and motor development delay with a static or slow progression. The ophthalmological features include ptosis and ophthalmoparesis. Congenital myopathies can be classified based on their histology. The five types are centronuclear myopathy (subtypes: myotubular myopathy and autosomal centronuclear myopathy), nemaline myopathy, core myopathy, myosin storage myopathy, and congenital fiber-type disproportion.1In the last 15 years, more than 20 genes causing these diseases have been identified.2 These genes are implicated in an abnormal excitation-contraction coupling, malformation of contractile filaments, or regulation of calcium homeostasis.3,4 However, there is an important overlap, as different mutations in the same gene can cause distinct muscle pathologies, and mutations in different genes can cause very similar phenotypic defects5,6 (Table 1).
Docetaxel-induced acute myositis: a case report with review of literature
Published in Journal of Chemotherapy, 2021
Sariya Wongsaengsak, Miguel Quirch, Somedeb Ball, Anita Sultan, Nusrat Jahan, Mohamed Elmassry, Shabnam Rehman
We described a case of stage III breast cancer ER and HER-2 positive patient who presented with severe bilateral thigh pain and weakness after the 3rd cycle of chemotherapy, TCHP. Even though neither a muscle biopsy nor electromyography was done, the patient’s clinical; laboratory and imaging findings, together with no recurrence of symptoms after omission of docetaxel from the treatment regimen suggested the diagnosis of acute myositis related to docetaxel. Due to a similar presentation in inflammatory myopathies, it is imperative to identify and distinguish the etiologies of myopathy in each patient, so that early and long-term management could be provided adequately and effectively. In our case, the other possible differential diagnoses that should be considered are polymyositis/dermatomyositis, sensorimotor polyneuropathy, pyomyositis, diabetic amyotrophy, polymyalgia rheumatica, and drug-induced myopathy.
Statin use and safety concerns: an overview of the past, present, and the future
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2020
Rubina Mulchandani, Tanica Lyngdoh, Ashish Kumar Kakkar
Myopathy is a generic term for muscle ailments and is defined as any muscle-related problem, experienced by a statin user, according to the American Heart Association (AHA), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), and American College of Cardiology (ACC) [12]. Myalgia is the term most commonly used to describe muscle-related problems and refers to pain, cramps, and stiffness in the muscle without elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels [34,35]. Although quite rare, rhabdomyolysis is the most serious form of myopathy associated with muscle damage and breakdown of muscle tissue, releasing large amount of myoglobin in the blood and myoglobinuria. The CPK enzyme levels are almost 10 times the upper limit of the normal level and may cause kidney failure. In rare conditions, hospitalization due to rhabdomyolysis may be followed by death [34,35].