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Unexplained Fever In Infectious Diseases: Section 2: Commonly Encountered Aerobic, Facultative Anaerobic, And Strict Anaerobic Bacteria, Spirochetes, And Parasites
Published in Benedict Isaac, Serge Kernbaum, Michael Burke, Unexplained Fever, 2019
Campylobacter fetus (formerly Vibrio fetus) is a lesser-known, yet ubiquitous agent which can cause obscure fever and human infectious diarrhea. Campylobacter fetus may cause a prolonged relapsing illness characterized essentially by fever, abdominal pain, constitutional symptoms (myalgia, headache, arthralgia), nausea and vomiting, purulent discharge with pain in the rectum, tenesmus, anemia, dehydration, and splenomegaly. In a small percentage of cases, the illness may manifest as a typhoid-like syndrome, without diarrhea. Transmission occurs through ingestion of contaminated food or water, or contact with infected animals. Risk factors are immunodeficiency, pregnancy, and hypochlorhydria. Infants and young adults, homosexuals, and hikers in the wilderness are at greater risk.
Campylobacter jejuni
Published in Peter M. Lydyard, Michael F. Cole, John Holton, William L. Irving, Nino Porakishvili, Pradhib Venkatesan, Katherine N. Ward, Case Studies in Infectious Disease, 2010
Peter M. Lydyard, Michael F. Cole, John Holton, William L. Irving, Nino Porakishvili, Pradhib Venkatesan, Katherine N. Ward
C. jejuni rarely causes a bacteremia, and remains in the gastrointestinal tract, causing a terminal ileitis and colitis. Systemic infections are more commonly associated with Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus, which principally causes diseases of the reproductive system in sheep or cattle and infections in immunocompromised humans. C. fetus subsp. fetus possesses an S-layer (protein microcapsule), which is antiphagocytic and may explain its tendency to cause septicemia.
Campylobacter
Published in Dongyou Liu, Laboratory Models for Foodborne Infections, 2017
Martin Stahl, Bruce A. Vallance
Besides the commensal-like colonization of poultry, few other animals are susceptible to C. jejuni colonization and infection in a fashion similar to human campylobacteriosis.17 Following exposure to C. jejuni, most animals either exhibit only brief, transient colonization, or are colonized asymptomatically. An exception to this involves a connection between spontaneous abortion in sheep and other livestock, and infection by certain Campylobacter species, including Campylobacter fetus and C. jejuni.18 Humans remain one of the relatively few hosts that exhibit enteric disease in response to exposure to C. jejuni, making the use of animal models in the study of C. jejuni infection more problematic. Those animal models that are employed usually come with the caveats that they do not entirely replicate the human disease (e.g., poultry and insect models), or that they require some significant modification of the host, such as the construction of mice deficient in key genes designed to make them more susceptible to infection. Some of the more promising infection models currently being used include neonatal piglets, ferrets, and certain knockout mouse strains, whereas models of commensal colonization are typically newly hatched chicks and wild-type mice. Table 19.1 summarizes the current animal models available, along with a brief description of each. In this chapter, we will outline the animal models currently employed for the study of C. jejuni in published research, and discuss the advantages and drawbacks of each one, while providing an overview as to what the research community has learned about C. jejuni infection from these research models.
Intravenous fosfomycin for the treatment of patients with central nervous system infections: evaluation of the published evidence
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2020
Katerina G Tsegka, Georgios L Voulgaris, Margarita Kyriakidou, Matthew E Falagas
In more than 73 patients, the microbial agent that was isolated was Staphylococcus [Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, including MRSA (n = 12) and MRSE (n = 2)]. The rest of the pathogens isolated are analyzed as follows: 22 cases of Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis, 12 cases of Neisseria meningitidis, 7 cases of Escherichia coli, 6 cases of Haemophilus influenzae, 2 cases of Bacteroides, 2 ESBL Klebsiella pneumoniae, 2 cases of Acinetobacter baumannii. In addition, several other microorganisms were reported in case reports, including Bacillus cereus, Campylobacter fetus subsp., Citrobacter koseri, extensively drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (XDR-PA), Aspergillus fumigatus, Enterococcus raffinosus, Serratia marcescens. There were some cases of meningitis, in which the pathogen was not isolated.
Mycotic aortic aneurysms treated by endovascular repair: initial experience in a single center
Published in Acta Chirurgica Belgica, 2019
Miguel Bouzas, Charlotte Ponte, Bernard Van Houte, Cesar Vasquez
The patient was admitted to our intensive care unit under the diagnosis of probable myocardial infarction and probable aortitis. Echocardiography was performed which did not show pathological results . Two days after admission, blood cultures grew Campylobacter fetus and the patient received IV antibiotics (meropenem 1 g, four/day). Urine cultures were negative. The subsequent controls demonstrated a decrease in troponin levels but due to the persistence of the inflammatory syndrome, a second CT scan with IV contrast was performed which showed an increase of aortic wall thickness to 13 mm as well as an expansion in the diameter of the aorta measured at 53 mm starting 3 cm below the renal arteries and extending to the origin of both common iliac arteries.
Campylobacter coli meningitis in a 57-year-old patient
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2018
Audrey Cambier, Delphine Martiny, Marie Hallin, Magali Wautier, Jean-Baptiste Giot, Myriam Z. Khaldi, Jacques Cambier, Philippe Léonard
Campylobacteriosis is the most prevalent bacterial zoonosis reported in Europe with 229,213 cases confirmed in 2015 [1,2]. This infection is generally transmitted through the consumption of contaminated food and/or water, unpasteurised milk and contact with animals. International travelling is also involved in this increasing prevalence. Common clinical manifestations are diarrhoea, abdominal cramps and fever. The disease is usually self-limited but bacterial translocation can cause extra-intestinal infections such as arthritis, hepatitis, peritonitis and pericarditis [3,2]. A few cases of Campylobacter meningitis were previously highlighted but most of them were caused by Campylobacter fetus [3,4].