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Histopathological Cancer Detection Using CNN
Published in Meenu Gupta, Rachna Jain, Arun Solanki, Fadi Al-Turjman, Cancer Prediction for Industrial IoT 4.0: A Machine Learning Perspective, 2021
Soham Taneja, Rishika Garg, Preeti Nagrath, Bhawna Gupta
Histopathology is the inspection of specimens of tissue (obtained via pathology) at a microscopic level to identify and locate any traces of cancerous growth. The process of histopathology primarily consists of obtaining a fresh specimen, preserving it, and carrying out biochemical procedures to optimize its usability. The process ends with carefully observing the specimen under a microscope and scrutinizing its histological behavior [4].
Prolactin Receptor — Clinical Problems
Published in Nagasawa Hiroshi, Prolactin and Lesions in Breast, Uterus, and Prostate, 2020
Various problems are associated with the measurement of PRL receptor levels in human prostatic tissue which are not encountered when using the rat prostate. The type of specimen available to the laboratory for assay and the heterogenous histopathology demand the application of appropriate methodology which is more involved, but essential, if the data are to be related to a clinical situation. The major proportion of human prostatic cancer tissue is available to laboratories as transurethral resection (TUR) specimens, which therefore contain varying amounts of heat-damaged tissue. Some of this is readily visible and easily discarded, but a large proportion of the damage is only apparent, however, when enzyme activities are measured, histochemical assays performed, or androgen receptor levels assessed. Indeed, the androgen receptor content is dramatically reduced in tissue removed by transurethral resection when levels are compared to those in tissue removed by cold punch resection or enucleation from open prostatectomy.25 It would be surprising if PRL receptor levels were not similarly affected. It is therefore difficult to understand why the report of Leake and colleagues26 found very similar PRL receptor concentrations in six different TUR specimens from patients with BPH, especially when Blankenstein et al.4 analyzed 15 prostatic tissue specimens, 10 BPH, and 5 malignant tumors, obtained at open prostatectomy, and failed to detect specific PRL binding in any of the samples.
Medical Imaging Informatics
Published in Arvind Kumar Bansal, Javed Iqbal Khan, S. Kaisar Alam, Introduction to Computational Health Informatics, 2019
Arvind Kumar Bansal, Javed Iqbal Khan, S. Kaisar Alam
Early detection of cancer is critical for patient outcome and treatment options. Typically, an incidence of cancer is identified using histopathology. Histopathology is a technique based on microscopic cell-level analysis of multiple slices of the abnormal tissue-growth, extracted surgically using biopsy. However, biopsy is invasive, painful, expensive and has risks of bruising and infection. Computer-aided diagnosis using automated image-analysis has been an active area of research to diagnose cancer.
An update on VEXAS syndrome
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2023
Whereas monogenic autoinflammatory conditions have been discovered through the ‘top-down’ identification of early-onset inflammatory symptoms aggregating within families, VEXAS syndrome was identified in 2020 through the whole exome sequencing of 2,560 patients, during which a mutation in ubiquitin activating enzyme 1 (UBA1) was identified in three patients. A shared pattern of histopathology and disease emerged. This was predominantly a combination of cytopenias and multi-system inflammatory symptoms in older males. Once this phenotype was elucidated, similar perplexing cases with this characteristic mix, which had typically been managed as either myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), discrete inflammatory illnesses or a systemic autoinflammatory disease (SAID), were found to have the same mutation. Eventually, 25 cases, all men, were reported [1].
A Nomogram for Predicting Lymph Nodal Metastases in Patients with Appendiceal Cancers: An Analysis of SEER Database
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2021
Dan Wang, Chongshun Liu, Tingyu Yan, Chenglong Li, Cenap Güngör, Qionghui Yang, Yang Xu, Lilan Zhao, Qian Pei, Fengbo Tan, Yuqiang Li
The target population of this study was limited to the appendiceal cancer patients with surgical treatment in SEER database from 2004 to 2016. The following information for each patient was collected: Insurance, Age at diagnosis, Race, Sex, Histology, Regional nodes examined, AJCC T stage, AJCC M stage, Regional nodes positive, lymph nodes status and metastatic status, CS tumor size. Histopathology was classified using Histology recode - broad groupings and divided into cystic, mucinous and serous neoplasms, adenocarcinomas and adenomas, other. Tumor grades were classified according to SEER criteria: Grade I: Well differentiated; Grade II: Moderately differentiated; Grade III: Poorly differentiated; Grade IV: Undifferentiated and unknown. Lymph node metastasis was categorized according to Regional nodes positive: positive, negative and unknown. T and M stage were classified using the AJCC guidelines. Tumor size was classified according to CS Tumor size code: 999 as Unknown, 001-019, 991 and 992 as < 2 cm, 020-988 and 993-995 as ≥ 2 cm, 000 as No mass/tumor found. Exclusion criteria: No regional lymph node examined (Regional nodes examined code: 0,99), unknown status regarding tumor grade, T stage, metastasis and tumor size. The final study sample contained 3,075 patients. (Figure 1). These samples were stochastically divided into two groups, a training group (n = 2,050) and a validation group (n = 1,025).
A rare case of orbital angioleiomyoma
Published in Orbit, 2021
Shiao Wei Wong, James Laybourne, Luciane Irion, Anne Cook
Histopathology is key for diagnosis. Henderson and Harrison4 and Wolter2 reported the earliest cases of angioleiomyoma which predates the Morimoto1 classifications. However more recent reports have described the morphological features of the orbital angioleiomyomas excised. The cavernous type was the most commonly reported (which includes our case), followed by the venous type and then the solid type (Table 1). On immunohistochemistry the lesion shows positivity for alpha smooth muscle actin (Figure 5), vimentin, desmin, calponin and h-caldesmon. CD31 and CD34 highlight the endothelial component (Figure 4a,4b). Angioleiomyoma lacks expression for HMB45 and oestrogen receptors. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry therefore help to differentiate angioleiomyoma from closely related lesions such as leiomyoma, angiomyoma, angiomyofibroma and angiomyolipoma.9,13,13