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Prevention and Management of Complications
Published in Yates Yen-Yu Chao, Sebastian Cotofana, Anand V Chytra, Nicholas Moellhoff, Zeenit Sheikh, Adapting Dermal Fillers in Clinical Practice, 2022
Yates Yen-Yu Chao, Sebastian Cotofana, Nicholas Moellhoff
Infarction of tissue could originate from obstruction of vessels including arteries or veins. Though compression has been attributed as the reason for some necrosis cases, the assumption is debatable because injection of fillers increases, to only a limited extent, the local hydrostatic pressure; this is much lower than is the case implanted prostheses, but the percentage of necrosis cases from fillers outnumbers that from surgeries. Large subdermal bolus injections behind the hairline have been reported to cause temporary and reversible alopecia.
Successful Aging in Research
Published in Thomas S. Inui, Richard M. Frankel, Enhancing the Professional Culture of Academic Health Science Centers, 2022
Bruce M. Psaty, David S. Siscovick
When I was a third-year medical student, the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up program reported that the treatment of hypertension using a step-care approach that included high-dose diuretics as the first-line agent reduced total mortality. That finding represented powerful prevention. Yet only one randomized trial had compared various first-line agents for the treatment of hypertension in terms of the prevention of major cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction. My first case-control study at GHC involved an observational study of the comparison between high-dose diuretics and beta-blockers. This early effort in comparative effectiveness research was driven by the epidemiological need to control for confounding by indication. Additionally, we were interested in both the potential benefits and risks of drug therapies. The advantage of the computerized pharmacy records became apparent in a secondary analysis when we showed that non-compliance with beta-blockers was associated with a transient increase in the risk of MI.1
Amniotic Fluid Embolism
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Zaid Diken, Antonio F. Saad, Luis D. Pacheco
Patients with the following risks factors, such as, diabetes, smoking, obesity, advanced maternal age, chronic hypertension, dyslipidemia, and previous history of coronary artery disease should be ruled out for acute myocardial infarction. Workup should include cardiac troponins and a 12-lead electrocardiograph as soon as possible. A bedside echocardiography is a useful tool in assisting in the diagnosis of cardiogenic shock secondary to myocardial ischemia or to rare causes such as a peri-partum dilated cardiomyopathy [27].
The effective constituent puerarin, from Pueraria lobata, inhibits the proliferation and inflammation of vascular smooth muscle in atherosclerosis through the miR-29b-3p/IGF1 pathway
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Jianpeng Li, Yanan Li, Xiangke Yuan, Dengfeng Yao, Zongyue Gao, Zhaoyang Niu, Zheng Wang, Yue Zhang
Atherosclerosis (AS) is one of the most common arterial diseases related to changes in blood vessel wall composition and dyslipidemia. It is an important cause of most cardiovascular diseases, cerebral infarction, strokes, and peripheral vascular diseases, and seriously endangers the health of patients (Rahman and Woollard 2017; Kobiyama and Ley 2018). According to epidemiological investigations, cardiovascular diseases associated with AS are the largest cause of death worldwide, and ischaemic heart disease and stroke caused by AS are the biggest killers, causing more than 15 million deaths worldwide every year (Zhu et al. 2018). With the advent of an ageing global population, the prevalence of AS is also increasing rapidly, which seriously threatens the quality of human life and also brings an astonishing economic burden (Xu et al. 2018). The occurrence and development of AS is a very complex process, which includes various mechanisms such as cholesterol metabolism disorder, injury response, inflammatory response, and vascular smooth muscle proliferation (Chen et al. 2019; Libby et al. 2019; Genkel et al. 2020). Inflammation and cholesterol metabolism disorders are considered to be the main pathogenesis of AS (Kattoor et al. 2017; Wolf and Ley 2019). Investigating effective prevention and control targets of AS has become a hot research issue.
Impact of cerebral microbleeds on cognitive functions and its risk factors in acute cerebral infarction patients
Published in Neurological Research, 2023
Linyun Chen, Feng Liu, Xuan Tian, Tian Zhang, Jian Zhang, Fang Ran
Cerebral infarction is a clinical condition in which the blood supply of intracranial vascular tissue is insufficient due to various reasons, which eventually leads to necrosis of brain tissue [16]. Patients with cerebral infarction will have symptoms such as dizziness, vomiting, nausea, tinnitus, hemiplegia, and even coma shock, which seriously affects the health and quality of life of the patients [17]. Acute cerebral infarction has the characteristics of rapid onset, rapid disease progression, and serious disease [18]. With the aging of the population, the incidence of acute cerebral infarction is increasing year by year, and it has become an important disease that threatens human life and health [19]. Cerebral microbleeds are caused by small blood vessel lesions in the brain, characterized by the deposition of hemosiderin around the small blood vessels or the phagocytosis of hemosiderin mononuclear cells, with a tendency to hemorrhage [20]. Studies have shown that the incidence of cerebral microbleeds in ACI patients is 53.54% [6,21]. The incidence and severity of cerebral microbleeds in patients with different types of cerebral infarction are different [22]. Hemorrhagic transformation is a common complication in patients with ACI [23].
Synergistic deterioration of prognosis associated with decreased grip strength and hyporesponse to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in patients undergoing hemodialysis
Published in Renal Failure, 2022
Shizuka Kobayashi, Kentaro Tanaka, Junichi Hoshino, Shigeko Hara, Akifumi Kushiyama, Yoshihide Tanaka, Shuta Motonishi, Ken Sakai, Takashi Ozawa
All causes of death were defined as all-cause mortality. Cardiovascular disease was defined as ischemic cardiovascular events (angina, myocardial infarction, arteriosclerosis obliterans, cerebral hemorrhage, and cerebral infarction), or nonischemic heart disease events (heart failure). In the survival analysis, if a patient experienced both events, the first event took precedence. The observation period was 2 years. In our study, we observed events with a composite endpoint. However, we performed a separate multivariate analysis for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease. Angina pectoris and myocardial infarction were diagnosed using coronary angiography and myocardial scintigraphy, while arteriosclerosis obliterans was screened with ankle-brachial index (ABI) and diagnosed by a specialist using lower extremity ultrasound, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Cerebral hemorrhage and infarction were diagnosed based on imaging findings, such as CT and MRI.