China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Family Birnaviridae
Published in Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier, Virus-Like Particles, 2022
Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier
The Birnaviridae family currently involves 7 genera and 11 species infecting vertebrates excluding mammals and insects. The infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) of salmonids from the Aquabirnavirus genus and the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) of poultry, the only member of the Avibirnavirus genus, are pathogens of major economic importance to the world’s fish and poultry industries, respectively.
Role of Mushroom as Dietary Supplement on Performance of Poultry
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2019
Sohail Hassan Khan, Nasir Mukhtar, Javid Iqbal
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is caused by a virus that is a member of the genus Avibirnavirus of the family Birnaviridae. According to the virus virulence and pathogenicity, IBD causes more severe or less severe lesions on the bursa of Fabricius and other organs such as spleen, thymus, and kidneys and may induce immunosuppression and mortality in birds. Ogbe, Mgbojikwe, Owoade, Atawodi, & Abdu, (2008) supplemented chick diets with wild Ganoderma mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) at the rate of 0.05%, 0.1%, or 0.2%. Chicks were vaccinated against IBD at 2 and 5 weeks of age. Each feed treatment lasted for 7 days each time before and after vaccinations. The results showed that in both qualitative and quantitative agar gel precipitation tests, there was positive response in all the vaccinated groups at 6 weeks of age, in which chicks fed 0.2% mushroom diet showed the highest positive response (2.5 log2), followed by 0.1% (2.3 log2) and 0.05% (2.0 log2). There was significant increase in the positive response at 8 to 10 weeks of age in all the groups: 3.8 log2, 3.5 log2, and 3.0 log2, respectively. Selegean et al. (2009) investigated the synergistic relations between extracts (the polysaccharide-containing extracellular fractions [EFs] of the edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus) and BIAVAC and BIAROMVAC vaccines. In the first experiment, by administrating EFs to unvaccinated broilers, they noticed slow stimulation of maternal antibodies against IBD starting from four weeks post hatching. For the broilers vaccinated with BIAVAC and BIAROMVAC vaccines, a low to almost complete lack of IBD maternal antibodies was recorded. By adding 5% and 15% EFs in the water intake, as compared to the reaction of the immune system in the previous experiment, the level of IBD antibodies was increased. Thus the workers believed that by using this combination of BIAVAC and BIAROMVAC vaccine and EFs, good results may be obtained in stimulating the production of IBD antibodies in the period of the chicken's first days of life, which are critical to broilers' survival.