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Cancer
Published in Sally Robinson, Priorities for Health Promotion and Public Health, 2021
Some infections increase the risk of developing cancer. Helicobacter pylori is a type of bacteria that infects the stomach lining, often acquired through contaminated food or water in childhood. It rarely causes problems, but it can cause stomach ulcers from which cancer may develop. It is also associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, bowel cancer and oesophageal cancer.Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HBC) viruses are carried in body fluids, including blood. If the body is unable to fight the viruses, they can cause non-Hodgkin lymphoma and liver cancer.Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is mostly spread through contact with an infected person’s fluids such as blood, semen and breast milk. It lowers immunity, making people less able to fight viruses that cause cancer, including rare viruses such as Kaposi’s sarcoma herpes virus.There are hundreds of types of human papillomavirus (HPV), but only 13 cause cancer. HPV spreads by skin-to-skin contact. Genital and oral HPV can cause cancer in the cervix, vagina, vulva and penis, and anal and some mouth and tongue cancers.(Cancer Research UK, 2019)
Lifestyle Factors in Cancer Survivorship
Published in Pat Price, Karol Sikora, Treatment of Cancer, 2020
Pro-inflammatory (bad) bacteria overgrowth can affect gut and general health. Pathogenic bacteria can cause acute life-threatening infections such as food poisoning or chronic infections, such as helicobacteria. Pro-inflammatory bacteria, often referred to as the Firmicutes group, do not cause such acute illnesses but can cause long-term health issues if they colonize the gut in excess. More common strains include the gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Shigella, and the gram-positive bacteria Bacillus, Listeria, Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, and Clostridium.
Abdomen
Published in Keith Hopcroft, Vincent Forte, Symptom Sorter, 2020
These will be done acutely in hospital, or in general practice after an episode of haematemesis when urgent admission is not indicated. FBC: Essential for assessment of the degree of blood loss. A normal Hb does not exclude a serious bleed as haemodilution may take several hours. Will also reveal blood dyscrasias. Raised platelets associated with oesophageal or stomach cancer.Upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy is the gold standard for finding the cause of the bleed and biopsy of suspicious lesions.Helicobacter testing: In the presence of peptic ulceration.LFT and γGT to assess liver function. Alcohol is a significant contributory factor in many cases.Plain erect abdominal X-ray (in hospital) useful to look for signs of viscus perforation (air under diaphragm) and, rarely, an ectopic gallstone.
The clinical evidence for postbiotics as microbial therapeutics
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Alexis Mosca, Ana Teresa Abreu Y Abreu, Kok Ann Gwee, Gianluca Ianiro, Jan Tack, Thi Viet Ha Nguyen, Colin Hill
Postbiotics may also help improve the efficacy of standard treatment for Helicobacter pylori infections. Lactobacilli has been shown to inhibit the attachment of Helicobacter pylori to gastric epithelial cells in in vitro studies.51 Furthermore, L. acidophilus LB spent culture supernatant decreases H. pylori viability, regardless of pH and lactic acid levels, in vitro and in vivo.51 Heat stabilized L. acidophilus LB was given to in addition to the standard treatment to H. pylori positive patients in an open-label, prospective, randomized trial. It was demonstrated that adding L. acidophilus to the standard treatment significantly increases eradication rates compared to standard treatment alone.52
Deficiency of PSRC1 accelerates atherosclerosis by increasing TMAO production via manipulating gut microbiota and flavin monooxygenase 3
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Tiantian Luo, Zhigang Guo, Dan Liu, Zhongzhou Guo, Qiao Wu, Qinxian Li, Rongzhan Lin, Peier Chen, Caiwen Ou, Minsheng Chen
In addition, the effect of PSRC1 deletion on other bacterial species and metabolites likewise indicated that PSRC1 is a protective factor. For example, A. muciniphila, Mucispirillum and Adlercreutzia were markedly depleted in the gut of DKO mice. A. muciniphila, as a next-generation beneficial microbe, has reduced plasma cholesterol and inflammation levels, improved insulin sensitivity and ameliorated atherosclerotic lesion areas in animal and human studies.36Adlercreutzia inhibits hyperlipidemia and obesity,37 while Mucispirillum plays a role in inhibiting inflammation.38 Conversely, the enriched genus Helicobacter may become an opportunistic pathogen, which would cause pro-inflammatory cytokine production and hyperlipidemia.39 PSRC1 deletion also activates urease and its accessory protein UreE and enriches the proton-gated inner membrane channel protein UreI, all of which favor H. pylori survival in acidic environments. ArgG, a gene encoding argininosuccinate synthase, is a crucial rate-limiting enzyme involved in arginine synthesis and the uric acid cycle.40 The sequencing data showed that PSRC1 deletion downregulated ArgG levels, which may reduce the tolerance of beneficial bacteria to acid stress and thus inhibit growth performance.
Adverse reactions related to proton pump inhibitors in pediatric population: an analysis of spontaneous reporting data
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2022
Valeria Dipasquale, Giuseppe Cicala, Francesca Laganà, Paola Cutroneo, Patrizia Felicetti, Simona Potenza, Giuseppe Trimarchi, Edoardo Spina, Claudio Romano
In our study, a minority of ADRs were considered to be serious. A significantly higher proportion of serious ADRs was observed in reports presenting as suspected drugs PPIs and other drugs such as antibiotics. The major and recognized indication for their use in combination with antibiotics is the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection. To our knowledge, no previous studies reported similar association. A retrospective study found associations between the use of acid-suppressive medications (PPI, especially lansoprazole, or a histamine-2 receptor antagonist) and antibiotics during the first 6 months of infancy and subsequent development of allergic disease [15]. This finding could be useful to further claim for using PPI and other drugs during infancy only in situations of clear clinical benefit.