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Bacteria
Published in Julius P. Kreier, Infection, Resistance, and Immunity, 2022
Extensive burn damage to the skin often permits opportunistic pathogens to infect underlying tissues. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the cause of the most common fatal infection of burn patients. Many P. aeruginosa strains are resistant to antibiotics and therefore are a serious threat to the burned patient. Burning may not only damage the integrity of the physical barrier provided by the skin, it also seems to decrease the burned patient′s immune response. Healthy humans are rarely infected with Pseudomonas species. Pseudomonas species are ubiquitous, growing readily as saprophytes in soil and water and become opportunistic pathogens on morbid tissue. (Also see Cystic Fibrosis.)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Published in Firza Alexander Gronthoud, Practical Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2020
Important risk factors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization and infection: Prior antimicrobial treatmentUrinary catheter, intravascular catheter, mechanical ventilationCritically illImmunocompromised (i.e. neutropaenia)Underlying chronic lung disease
Unexplained Fever In Infectious Diseases: Section 2: Commonly Encountered Aerobic, Facultative Anaerobic, And Strict Anaerobic Bacteria, Spirochetes, And Parasites
Published in Benedict Isaac, Serge Kernbaum, Michael Burke, Unexplained Fever, 2019
The most severe Gram-negative bacillary bacteremia is caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which especially affects immunocompromised patients, particularly those with underlying malignancy and burns; it is often hospital-acquired and may supervene in patients on broad-spectrum antibiotics. The mortality is high (nearly 70%). Fever is associated with bacteremia and various septic localizations. In infections with this organism, apart from the usual manifestations of Gram-negative bacteremia, there may also be some unusual features: (a) skin manifestations (ecthyma gangrenosum, rose spots, hemorrhagic cellulitis). Puncture of skin lesions, followed by culture, may help isolate the organism, (b) Pseudomonas aeruginosa often invades blood vessels, causing mural necrosis as a result of vasculitis, hence bacteremia may be associated with thrombosis or hemorrhage. Soave et al.60 described a fatal pseudomonal bacteremia mimicking pulmonary thromboembolism and infarction in a patient with immunodeficiency. Such cases underline the importance of blood cultures in the investigation of febrile thromboembolism of obscure origin, (c) in some cases of Pseudomonas bacteremia, the urine may be green due to excretion of a hemoglobin pigment, verdoglobin. Localized Pseudomonas infections are endocarditis, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, osteomyelitis, pancreatic abscess, brain abscess, and nosocomial meningitis.
Epibiotic bacteria on the carapace of hawksbill and green sea turtles
Published in Biofouling, 2023
Javad Loghmannia, Ali Nasrolahi, Sergey Dobretsov
16S amplicon sequencing showed that Pseudoruegeria (class Alphaproteobacteria) was the dominant bacterium on the stones of all sites. Previously, Pseudoruegeria had been isolated from mud, sediments, and water samples (Yoon et al. 2007; Jung et al. 2010). The genus Pseudomonas and an unidentified cyanobacterium were the dominant bacteria in sea turtles. Pseudomonas sp. was also found in sea turtle nests and is considered responsible for hatching failure (Capri et al. 2023). This species was previously described as the dominant biofilm bacterium on the body surface of the coral Oculina patagonica (Koren and Rosenberg 2006). The presence of Pseudomonas spp. on the surface of marine organisms, including sea turtles, could prevent the settlement of epibionts (Burgess et al. 2003). A study by McKnight et al. (2020) showed that cyanobacteria are a common bacterial species in freshwater turtles. Similarly, cyanobacteria, such as Scytonematopsis crustacea, Leibleinia gracilis, and Lyngbya sordida, were detected on loggerhead turtles in a recent study in the Mediterranean Sea (Blasi et al. 2021). The presence of cyanobacteria on the carapace of sea turtles could be due to the presence of light and relatively high seawater temperatures during the study period.
Effect of COVID-19 precautions on the gut microbiota and nosocomial infections
Published in Gut Microbes, 2021
Armin Rashidi, Maryam Ebadi, Tauseef Ur Rehman, Heba Elhusseini, Harika Nalluri, Thomas Kaiser, Shernan G Holtan, Alexander Khoruts, Daniel J. Weisdorf, Christopher Staley
Decreased person-to-person and environment-to-person transmission of specific taxa can result in their lower abundance in the gut microbiota. Pseudomonas colonizes medical devices and water and can be transmitted from the environment or other individuals to the patient.22 Although the ability of ingested Pseudomonas to reach and colonize the colon is unknown, decreased transmission resulting from COVID-19 precautions is a potential explanation for our findings. Alternatively, reduced microbial transmission could make the microbiota less accommodating to specific taxa. Akkermansia resides in the mucus layer and uses mucin as its sole carbon and nitrogen source.23 Short-chain fatty acids, produced by several commensal members of the gut microbiota, stimulate mucin production by goblet cells.24 As a possible mechanism, a reduction in such bacteria resulting from decreased transmission could make the gut a suboptimal environment for Akkermansia. Direct transmissibility of Akkermansia has not been evaluated.
Antimicrobial and antifouling polymeric coating mitigates persistence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm
Published in Biofouling, 2019
Brenda G. Werner, Julia Y. Wu, Julie M. Goddard
Pseudomonas spp. are persistent food spoilage bacteria, ubiquitously found on food contact and non-contact surfaces in a wide variety of food processing industries including meat, poultry, dairy, fish, and produce. Indeed, reports have indicated that Pseudomonas species are one of the primary spoilage species among these industries, persistent even after cleaning and sanitization (Moretro and Langsrud 2017). Within the species, P. aeruginosa is commonly used as a model to study biofilm formation, as this spoilage microbe is capable of forming well-established biofilms in various conditions and is highly resistant to removal (Klausen et al. 2003; Ghafoor et al. 2011; Rasamiravaka et al. 2015; Vital-Lopez et al. 2015). Furthermore, since this strain is used as a test organism in the official ASTM method for reproducible biofilm characterization using a CDC biofilm reactor® (ASTM E2562-12 2012), it was selected as the model bacterial strain for the present study.