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Understanding Microbiology Culture Results
Published in Firza Alexander Gronthoud, Practical Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2020
Intestinal parasites can be detected in stool using a direct wet preparation or an iodine stain (i.e. Giardia lamblia). With microscopy, trophozoites can be detected in the stool if either the stool is processed within 1 hour (‘hot stool’) or if the stool is fixated. A modified Ziehl–Neelsen stain can also be used to detect Cryptosporidium oocysts. A Giemsa stain is commonly used for microscopy of sterile samples, i.e. malaria parasites in blood. For moulds including Aspergillus spp., a lactophenol cotton blue stain or calcofluor-white stain is commonly used. India ink is used for Cryptococcus spp. in CSF. A rapid method to diagnose dermatophytes is a KOH test on skin scrapings (i.e. dermatophytes). Microscopy can also be performed on histology tissue sections with various stains including periodic acid-Schiff stain or a Grocott silver stain.
Gynaecological Problems – Answers
Published in Rekha Wuntakal, Madhavi Kalidindi, Tony Hollingworth, Get Through, 2014
Rekha Wuntakal, Madhavi Kalidindi, Tony Hollingworth
Amsel’s criteria for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis are: thin white homogenous discharge;increase in vaginal pH (>4.5);clue cells on microscopy; andwhiff test or KOH test: when a few drops of alkali (10% KOH) are added to vaginal secretions, a fishy smell is released.
Narrow-band UV-B phototherapy: an effective and reliable treatment alternative for extensive and recurrent pityriasis versicolor
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2018
Ali Balevi, Pelin Üstüner, Sümeyye A. Kakşi, Mustafa Özdemir
Eight patients discontinued the study prematurely for personal reasons after 5–10 treatments. The number of phototherapy sessions ranged from 5 to 24 with an average of 18.5 ± 6.50. Total cumulative doses of narrow-band UV-B ranged from 1.80 to 24.10, with a mean of 14.58 ± 7.71 J cm2. Of the remaining 30 patients, 20 (66.7%) achieved excellent results while four patients (14%) had mild residual disease. In six patients (20%), improved lesions were <50% and the KOH test was positive. There was no patient with non-responsive or deteriorating lesions after treatment (Table 3). The sum of the excellent response and those with mild residual disease was evaluated as being good responder (80.7%). Improvement started after 4 weeks with the median clinical score (scale, erythema/pigmentation, pruritus) decreasing. Lesions on the trunk, arms, and legs cleared çompletely in all patients. In the residual disease, activity was confined to small patches above the shoulders usually. Additional narrow-band UVB doses have been proposed to not fully cleared patients but not accepted due to professional work. The clinical response in a patient with erythematous form of PV is seen in Figure 1(a,b).
Efficacy of combination therapy with efinaconazole 10% solution and 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser for treatment of toenail onychomycosis
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2019
Krista Bonhert, Andrew Dorizas, Neil S. Sadick
Although there was clinical improvement in both groups at the 48- and 52-week follow-up, neither group achieved complete mycological cure. Fungal cultures were negative in both the 48- and 52-time points in group B, but only 90% and 92% of subjects had negative KOH test at those follow-up time points. Moreover, all subjects in group A had a negative fungal culture at the 48-week follow-up but only 93% at 52 weeks. KOH test was negative in 70% and 86% of group A subjects at 48 and 52 weeks.
Fractional carbon dioxide laser assisted delivery of topical tazarotene versus topical tioconazole in the treatment of onychomycosis
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2019
Essam Bakr Abd El-Aal, Hamed Mohamed Abdo, Shady Mahmoud Ibrahim, Mostafa Taha Eldestawy
There was a significant difference between the two studied groups as regards KOH test before and after treatment, whereas KOH test was turned negative in 91.7% of patients in Group A versus 78.3% of patients in Group B (p values = .001) (Table 2).