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In-Vitro Antidermatophytic Bioactivity of Peel Extracts of Red Banana (Musa Acuminate) and Common Banana (Musa Paradisica)
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Assessment of Medicinal Plants for Human Health, 2020
Shivakumar Singh Policepatel, Pavankumar Pindi, Vidyasagar Gunagambhere Manikrao
Investigators and healers of conventional medicines have documented health benefits of therapeutic plants to treat dermatological diseases. The ring worm is known as dermatophytes. The three main genera—Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton—are strongly allied plant—scientifically. Among these, Microsporum is a recurrent reason for ring worm of scalp and might furnish augment to ring worm in all parts of the carcass. While Trichophyton cause ringworm from the scalp as well as erstwhile areas of crust and nails. Epidermophyton is mainly accountable to ringworm affecting surface of the skin, hands, and feet; and has been found to interlace within the skin, and it does not assault tresses.15Candida species establishes in the gastro-intestinal tract, oral cavity, and vagina.3
Ringworm
Published in Firza Alexander Gronthoud, Practical Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2020
Tinea capitis must be treated with systemic antifungal agents because topical agents do not penetrate the hair shaft. However, concomitant treatment with 1% or 2.5% selenium sulfide (Selsun) shampoo or 2% ketoconazole shampoo should be used for the first 2 weeks because it may reduce transmission. Terbinafine may be superior to griseofulvin for Trichophyton species, whereas griseofulvin may be superior to terbinafine for the less common Microsporum species. Most cases are caused by Trichophyton spp., making terbinafine a reasonable first choice. Once treatment has started, the child may return to school, but for 14 days should not share combs, brushes, helmets, hats or pillowcases, or participate in sports that involve head-to-head contact, such as wrestling. Consider treating household members with a sporicidal shampoo, such as 2.5% selenium sulfide or 2% ketoconazole, for 2–4 weeks.
Superficial mycoses in the elderly
Published in Robert A. Norman, Geriatric Dermatology, 2020
B. P. Glick, M. Zaiac, G. Rebell, N. Zaias
The dermatophytes are a group of taxonomically related fungi capable of colonizing keratin-containing tissues such as the stratum corneum of the epidermis, nails, hair, the horny tissues of various animals and the feathers of birds2. Keratinophilic fungi may be divided into three categories derived from an ecologic perspective and are known as geophilic (soil derived), zoophilic (animal derived) and anthropophilic (human derived) fungi. The three genera responsible for dermatophyte infections in humans are Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton. Of these, Trichophyton species are responsible for the overwhelming majority of dermatophyte infections in the elderly. The most common dermatophytic species and the diseases they cause are presented in Table 1.
A comprehensive review on recent nanosystems for enhancing antifungal activity of fenticonazole nitrate from different routes of administration
Published in Drug Delivery, 2023
Sadek Ahmed, Maha M. Amin, Sinar Sayed
Although many fungi exist in our regular life without any harmful effect, the prevalence of fungal infections seems to be increasing in the global world. Under specific conditions, some fungi could result in medical conditions that vary from mild to life threating infections. The leading risk factors include modulation of the immune system that happens as a result of viral infection, anti-cancer medications and transplantation surgeries (Lockhart & Guarner, 2019). Fungal infection could affect different body regions such as the eye, the skin and the vagina, thereby these infections could be detected by taking samples from blood, urine, sputum or vaginal sections. Fungal keratitis is an ocular infection that happens only in traumatic cornea and caused by many Candida species (Goldschmidt et al., 2012). Trichophyton species and Candida albicans trigger many skin infections (Albash et al., 2021). For gynecologists, fungal infections caused by Candida albicans represent the main cause of women upset and may result in premature birth or even abortion, pelvic inflammation and transmission of sexual diseases (Martinez-Perez et al., 2018).
Strategies to improve the diagnosis and clinical treatment of dermatophyte infections
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2023
Resistance to azoles has been reported in approximately 19% of dermatophytes, some azoles (voriconazole and posaconazole) that are quite effective in patients resistant to multiple drugs have been developed in recent years. However, resistance may develop against these new drugs in the future. In addition to developing new drugs, better bioavailable forms of old antifungal drugs are being produced, and a more bioavailable form of conventional itraconazole has been developed [58]. A better absorbed form (SUBA-itraconazole) of conventional itraconazole has been developed in fasted or fed healthy individuals. It has been shown that this new form of itraconazole is well tolerated in children and can be used for both the treatment and prevention of fungal infection [59]. Improvement was reported with the combination of ciclopiroxolamine and miconazole in a pediatric patient with extensive tinea corporis due to resistance to terbinafine and azoles [50]. In vitro studies on Trichophyton species have reported that efinaconazole, terbinafine, luliconazole, itraconazole, tavaborole, and itraconazole have synergistic effects [60].
Consumer preferences of antifungal products for treatment and prevention of tinea pedis
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2019
Tinea pedis, or athlete’s foot, is a dermatophyte infection of the plantar feet and interdigital spaces, affecting 70% of the world’s population at some time (1). Risk factors for infection include direct contact with the causative organism, most commonly Trichophyton rubrum. Trauma, as well as prolonged exposure to moisture contribute to risk, and re-infection is common (2), with recurrence attributed to both re-infection and failure to eradicate the original infection (1). Additionally, tinea pedis often precedes and is an important risk factor itself for onychomycosis. Onychomycosis, when chronic and severe may be difficult to treat, with recurrence rates (relapse or re-infection) ranging from 10–53% (3), emphasizing the importance of prevention [4]. In addition, treatment of co-existing tinea pedis has been shown to increase complete cure rates of onychomycosis (5).