China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Fungi and Water
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Morels have been in use in traditional medicine for centuries, due to their health-related benefits, and current research has demonstrated their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory bioactivities, in addition to immunostimulatory and anti-tumor properties (39). M. esculenta extract was found to be active against Escherichia coli, Bacillus mesentericus, and Bacillus subtilis. Polysaccharide from M. esculenta have strong antibacterial and anti-actinomycete powers (40). The galactomannan polysaccharide isolated from M. esculenta demonstrated immunostimulatory activity (40). However, M. esculenta and some other morel species can be poisonous if eaten raw, producing many adverse reactions (39–40). Some of the edible morel species contain toxic substances which might cause fatigue, dizziness, difficulty breathing, some neurologic effects such as ataxia and visual disturbances, and even ultimate death, if excessively consumed (39–40). To avoid these side effects, morel mushrooms as well as other edible mushrooms should never be eaten raw; they must be well-cooked before consumption.
Probiotics and their Potential Effects on Schizophrenia Symptoms
Published in Martin Colin R, Derek Larkin, Probiotics in Mental Health, 2018
Mick P Fleming, Colin R Martin
In a single case study design, Nagamine et al. (2012) found that treatment with probiotics had an effect on the alleviation of negative symptoms, in a 50-year-old hospitalised male patient with a 30-year history of schizophrenia, compared to a similar control patient. The man’s presentation included both positive (auditory hallucinations) and negative (inactivity, lacking vigour and poor emotional expression) symptoms. The man had also been experiencing chronic constipation and in order to alleviate the constipation a probiotic treatment was administered. The probiotic treatment was composed of three grammes of Streptococcus faecalis per day, Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus mesentericus. The probiotic preparation was made up of 30 milligrammes of Lactomin (S. faecalis), 150 milligrammes of Clostridium butyricum and 150 milligrammes of Bacillus mesentericus. This preparation was administered along with the patient’s normal antipsychotic medication regime (haloperidol 1260 milligrammes chlorpromazine equivalent per day and three milligrammes per day biperiden for the relief of extrapyramidal symptoms). The patient acting as control was of a similar age from the same clinical area. This patient was given his usual antipsychotic treatment (haloperidol 1100 milligrammes chlorpromazine equivalent per day and three milligrammes per day biperiden for the relief of extrapyramidal symptoms).
Antibacterial Activity of Seaweeds and their Extracts
Published in Leonel Pereira, Therapeutic and Nutritional Uses of Algae, 2018
Methanol extracts obtained from brown algae such as Saccharina angustata (formerly Laminaria angustataf Undaria pinnatifida, and Sargassum capillare (as Sargassum gracile) found along the coast of Japan inhibited the several kinds of pathogenic bacteria. The extract prepared from S. gracile strongly inhibited the growth of Bacillus mesentericus (Saito and Nakamura 1951).
Microbiota modulation-based therapy for luminal GI disorders: current applications of probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2019
Abbinaya Elangovan, Jessica R. Allegretti, Monika Fischer
Majority of studies on probiotics in UC focused on maintenance of remission. Only one of the RCTs [78] favored probiotics over placebo. Among patients who achieved remission on sulfasalazine and steroids, triple probiotic (Enterococci, Bifidobacteria, and Lactobacilli) for 8 weeks had a significantly lower relapse rate compared to placebo (20% vs. 93%, p < 0.01) [78]. In two other RCTs, the effect of E.coli Nissle 1917 was compared to 5-ASA (1,500 mg daily) in patients with UC clinical activity index (CAI) ≤ 4 over follow-up period of 12 weeks [79] and 12 months [80]. There were no significant differences in the relapse rates between the two groups, but the efficacy of E. coli was found to be equivalent to 5-ASA [79,80]. Studies testing Lactobacillus [81,82] and combination of Streptococcus faecalis, Clostridium butyricum, and Bacillus mesentericus [83] did not demonstrate improved remission rates compared to mesalamine [81] or placebo [82,83]. Due to small sample size and high risk of bias, the utility of probiotics in UC cannot be assessed without large-scale, well-designed studies.
MICROBIOTA INSIGHTS IN CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE INFECTION AND INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
C. Rodríguez, E. Romero, L. Garrido-Sanchez, G. Alcaín-Martínez, RJ. Andrade, B. Taminiau, G. Daube, E. García-Fuentes
In addition to FMT, probiotic nutrition with multiple strains for gastrointestinal health modulation has been proposed as an effective and safe treatment.120 One recent study proposed the strain Bacillus licheniformis to treat colitis, which seems to modulate the gut microbiota composition and has been associated with a decrease in Bacteroidetes.121 Other probiotics classically used in different trials to reduce intestinal inflammation are Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Enterococcus faecium. However, the available results on their effectiveness in both CD and UC are still not concise.122 To prevent the likelihood of incurring CDI, a combination of various probiotics, including Streptococcus faecalis, Bacillus mesentericus, and Clostridium butyricum,123 has been proposed (once again, we can find among “protective” strains those associated with butyric acid production). Competition for the niche with non-toxigenic C. difficile strains has also been suggested for CDI prevention. Bacillus clausii and Lactobacillus reuteri also act as probiotics for this infection because they secrete compounds that directly inhibit C. difficile.124 Those probiotics proposed for CDI and IBD separately could be used jointly to treat both diseases. However, a recent study underlines the important role of mutual interaction of probiotics, which can inhibit other probiotics or protective taxa in the gut.125 Therefore, further studies addressing these metabolic interactions are necessary to better understand the role of these probiotics in both diseases.
Main radiation pathways in the landscape of Armenia
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2023
V. B. Arakelyan, G. E. Khachatryan, A. G. Nalbandyan-Schwarz, C. E. Mothersill, C. B. Seymour, V. L. Korogodina
The scientists studied the effect of radiation on the microbiota of the Armenian NPP (Khachatryan et al. 2014, 2016). The investigations were carried out on a territory of 30 km around the NPP. Figure 5 shows the typical wind direction and the maximum content of the Cs-137 radionuclide in the soil, at a distance of 2.5 km (M-1) from the NPP. The contribution of NPP emissions to the content of Cs-137 in soil is 124–155 Bq/m2, which is about 20–25% of the global fallout background. The objects of study were radiosensitive types of Pseudomonas and radioresistant Bacillus mesentericus bacteria.