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Bacillus
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
The genus Bacillus is classified taxonomically in the family Bacillaceae, order Bacillales, class Bacilli, phylum Firmicutes, and domain Bacteria. Representing 1 of the 27 genera within the family Bacillaceae (i.e., Alkalibacillus, Amphibacillus, Anoxybacillus, Bacillus, Caldalkalibacillus, Cerasibacillus, Exiguobacterium, Filobacillus, Geobacillus, Gracilibacillus, Halobacillus, Halolactibacillus, Jeotgalibacillus, Lentibacillus, Marinibacillus, Oceanobacillus, Ornithinibacillus, Paraliobacillus, Paucisalibacillus, Pontibacillus, Saccharococcus, Salinibacillus, Tenuibacillus, Thalassobacillus, Ureibacillus, Virgibacillus, and Vulcanibacillus), the genus Bacillus comprises more than 140 recognized species, including vertebrate pathogens (e.g., B. anthracis, B. cereus), invertebrate parasites (e.g., B. larvae, B. lentimorbus, B. popilliae, B. sphaericus, B. thuringiensis), and nonpathogenic saprophytes [3].
Exopolysaccharide Production from Marine Bacteria and Its Applications
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Prashakha J. Shukla, Shivang B. Vhora, Ankita G. Murnal, Unnati B. Yagnik, Maheshwari Patadiya
The water from streams, rivers, lakes, wetlands, and the ocean constitutes the surface water. The surface water of the ocean is enriched with the primary microflora such as Alteromonas, Colwellia and Pseudoalteromonas. Many other species of marine bacteria dwelling in water and sediments produce diverse types of EPSs, which are a growing interest in industrial sectors. EPS-producing Exiguobacterium sp. was isolated and characterized from coastal (Mandapam) area of Pak Bay, Tamil Nadu, India, which showed the presence of amino sugars. EPSs from Enterobacter cloacae, emulsified xylene, hexane, paraffin oil, benzene, coconut oil, kerosene, cottonseed oil, groundnut oil, jojoba oil, castor oil and sunflower oil (Iyer et al., 2006). Another bioflocculant- producing marine bacterium Virgibacillus sp. was isolated from the marine sediment of Algoa Bay (Cosa et al., 2011). Halomonas sp. was isolated from surface water of Arabian Sea as a potent biofilm former synthesizing EPSs (Nisha and Thangavel, 2014). EPS-producing marine bacteria, namely, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Pseudomonas sp. strain NCMB 2021 were isolated from marine water (Su and Liu, 2007) of Halifax, Nova Scotia (Wrangstadh et al., 1986). Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain S9 was isolated from the marine sediment; Pseudoalteromonas atlantica and Hyphomonas strain MHS-3 have been isolated from shallow-water sediments in Puget Sound (northwestern coast of the U.S. state of Washington, an inlet of the Pacific Ocean, and part of the Salish Sea) that have homogenous polysaccharides with high amounts of N-acetylgalactosamine (Quintero and Weiner, 1995).
Chronic exposure to ampicillin alters lung microbial composition in laboratory rat
Published in Experimental Lung Research, 2023
Ping Chen, Tingting Hu, Haonan Jiang, Bing Li, Guiying Li, Pixin Ran, Yumin Zhou
To further determine which taxa were significantly affected, we performed statistical analysis employing the relative abundance at the phyla to genera levels (Figures 2B, C and 3). As the LA01 and LA1 groups had no significant difference from the LC group of untreated lungs, indicating that ampicillin needed to reach a certain concentration to cause changes in the microbiota, we compared the LA5 group to find the taxon that potentially be influenced by the ampicillin. LEfSe analyses were conducted to detect the differences between the LC group and ampicillin-treated groups at the ASV, genus, or higher level. Comparison of the LC control and LA5 groups showed the presence of 97 taxa (including 36 genera) with significant differences (Figure 3A). At the genus level, Acidobacteria_Gp16, Ramlibacter, Nitrospira, Gaiella, Aggregatilinea, Latescibacteria_genera_incertae_sedis, and Reyranella were significantly increased in the LA5 group versus the LC control group, whereas Brucella, WPS_2_genera_incertae_sedis, Acinetobacter, Sphingomonas, Acidobacteria_Gp14, Tumebacillus, Acidobacteria_Gp2, Acidobacteria_Gp2, Neobacillus, and Ornithinimicrobium, Virgibacillus were significantly decreased. Besides, there were 8 taxa at the class level, 11 taxa at the order level, and 12 taxa at the family level that were significantly different when compared to the LC with LA5 groups.