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Nutritional Diseases
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Chelsea Kesty, Madeline Hooper, Erin McClure, Emily Chea, Cynthia Bartus
Course: Deficiency is preventable with adequate diet. Patients may opt to supplement or engage fortified foods if at risk for deficiency. Reversal of manifestations may be seen as early as weeks to months after adequate supplementation. If left untreated for approximately four years, niacin deficiency may result in death.
Preconceptual Health
Published in Michelle Tollefson, Nancy Eriksen, Neha Pathak, Improving Women's Health Across the Lifespan, 2021
Nancy L. Eriksen, Kristi R. VanWinden, John McHugh
Reproductive-age women are even more likely than the average American to have a deficiency (41%) in one or more nutrients.77 The risk of deficiency is highest among non-Hispanic blacks, women of low socioeconomic status, and underweight and obese women.77 Women who use supplements are less likely to be deficient in micronutrients, but they are less commonly used by non-Hispanic black and Hispanic women as well as those with an unintended pregnancy.78 Additionally, micronutrients and vitamins are more bioavailable through food as compared to supplements with the added benefits of the consumption of phytonutrients and antioxidants.
Nutrition for children with chronic diseases and syndromes
Published in Judy More, Infant, Child and Adolescent Nutrition, 2021
The feeds are usually drunk orally but can be taken via a tube if children do not like the taste or cannot manage the required volume orally. Once the inflammation has resolved – usually after about 6–12 weeks – normal foods are introduced one by one. Any food that causes symptoms is stopped and introduction of other foods continues. The final diet is then made up of foods that do not cause symptoms. If there are any nutritional deficits, a dietitian can advise on a suitable supplement to correct the deficiency.
Chemotherapy-Induced Oral Complications and Prophylaxis Strategies
Published in Cancer Investigation, 2023
Aleksandra Śledzińska, Paulina Śledzińska, Marek Bebyn, Oskar Komisarek
Dysgeusia treatment mainly focuses on the treatment of the underlying cause. In cases of nutritional deficiency, dietary supplements can be helpful (150). Medication-induced changes in taste appear to be relieved by reducing the drug dosage or replacing it with an alternative drug (151). According to a large longitudinal study, the majority of COVID-19 patients who lost their olfactory and gustatory senses recovered in less than one month (152). Patients are advised to use non-metallic cutlery, avoid metallic or bitter-tasting foods, increase protein consumption, flavor foods with spices and seasonings, serve cold food to reduce unpleasant taste or odor, brush teeth frequently and use mouthwash, or use sialogogues such as sugar-free gum or sour-tasting drops that stimulate the taste buds (136,153). For severe dysgeusia, topical anesthetics such as lidocaine gel are suggested (154).
Relationship between degree of disability, usefulness of assistive devices, and daily use duration: an investigation in children with congenital upper limb deficiencies who use upper limb prostheses
Published in Assistive Technology, 2023
Hiroshi Mano, Satoko Noguchi, Sayaka Fujiwara, Nobuhiko Haga
Previous studies reported that congenital upper limb deficiencies (ULDs) occur at a prevalence of 3.39 per 10,000 live births (Mano, Fujiwara, Takamura, et al., 2018) or 3.9–6.2 per 10,000 total births (Bedard et al., 2015; Castilla et al., 1995; Vasluian et al., 2013). Given how intractable the condition is, patients with congenital ULDs require comprehensive care and several of therapeutic supports. Treatment approaches may vary according to the type of deficiency and can include prosthetic intervention, reconstruction surgery, and amputation with subsequent prosthetic/orthotic therapy. Transverse deficiencies resemble an amputation residual limb, in which the limb has developed normally to a particular level beyond which no skeletal elements are present. All others are classed as longitudinal, in which there is a reduction or absence of an element or elements within the long axis of the limb (Day, 1991). While surgery is the preferred treatment for longitudinal deficiencies (e.g. reconstruction of the thumb and wrist centralization on the ulna are the treatment choices for radial deficiency) (Colen et al., 2017), prosthetic intervention is often considered first in transverse deficiencies. In the upper limb deficiencies, prosthetic or orthotic intervention was likely chosen in cases of deficiency at the metacarpal or proximal to metacarpal level (Mano, Fujiwara, Takamura, et al., 2021). This is also the preferred treatment for acquired amputation.
A novel treatment strategy to prevent Parkinson’s disease: focus on iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1)
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2023
Thomas M. Berry, Ahmed A. Moustafa
Iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis is a process that involves many steps [38]. Even with normal levels of iron iron-sulfur biogenesis can be dysregulated. Dysregulation of the acyl carrier protein can impair iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis [39,40]. Many illnesses could be due to dysregulation of iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis [41]. Iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis dysregulations result in mitochondrial iron overload [42]. Research points to there being mitochondrial overload in both Parkinson’s disease and Friedreich ataxia [43]. How iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis could be dysregulated in PD is not completely clear. A way that iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis could be dysregulated in PD is via dysregulation of the acyl carrier protein. Difficulties in iron-sulfur cluster formation can be compensated for by supplemental iron. Supplemental iron can increase activity of aconitase 1(ACO1) [44], which is an iron-sulfur protein. Deficiency states in terms of nutrients can arise when there are extraordinary demands for nutrients. Individuals with PD could have extraordinary demands for iron.