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Weaning a Baby onto a Vegan Diet
Published in Mary Nolan, Shona Gore, Contemporary Issues in Perinatal Education, 2023
Vitamin A deficiency can result in impaired growth and development, increased susceptibility to infections, night blindness and ultimately blindness (Wiseman et al., 2017). Whereas animal products contain pre-formed vitamin A, plants provide what is known as pro-vitamin A from carotenes, which needs to be converted into vitamin A. This conversion varies between individuals, with around 45% of people having a genetic make-up that can result in a substantial reduction in their ability to convert pro-vitamin A to vitamin A (Leung et al., 2009). Therefore, those affected who are eating a vegan diet may need a higher intake of beta-carotene equivalents than typically recommended. The foods richest in carotenes suitable for infants are cooked and pureed/mashed carrots, sweet potato, kale and spinach.
Nutritional Diseases
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Chelsea Kesty, Madeline Hooper, Erin McClure, Emily Chea, Cynthia Bartus
Course: Vitamin A deficiency arising in young infants may result in chronic eye, gastrointestinal, and pulmonary disease. In most cases, adequate supplementation corrects vitamin A deficiency and its manifestations without long term sequelae.
Nutrition
Published in Jan de Boer, Marcel Dubouloz, Handbook of Disaster Medicine, 2020
Severe vitamin A deficiency causes xerophthalmia, blindness and death. Clinical eye signs include: poor vision in dim light, dryness of conjunctiva or cornea, foamy material on the conjunctiva, or clouding of the cornea itself. These signs may appear after several months of an inadequate diet, or following acute or prolonged infections, particularly measles and diarrhoea. Mild/moderate vitamin A deficiency increases young-child mortality rates by about 20%. Clinical assessment reveals signs only in a very small proportion of subjects in populations affected by vitamin A deficiency and large numbers of children must be examined if this is the method of assessment used. Biochemical assessment is by the modified relative dose response (MRDR), which detects mild and moderate deficiency5.
Role of Vitamin B12 and Vitamin D levels in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and correlation with total bile acid
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Sebahattin Celik, Hakan Golbasi, Selim Gulucu, Mehmet Guclu, Canan Soyer Caliskan, Samettin Celik, Yasam Kemal Akpak, Ceren Golbasi
Vitamin D affects hepatobiliary hemostasis and is involved in bile acid detoxification (Zollner and Trauner 2009). Furthermore, many studies have shown that Vitamin D deficiency is associated with primary biliary cirrhosis (Guo et al. 2015), fatty liver disease (Kwok et al. 2013), chronic hepatitis B (Farnik et al. 2013), and chronic hepatitis C (Petta et al. 2010). Few studies in the literature have evaluated the association between Vitamin D and ICP. In the study by Gençosmanoğlu Türkmen (2018) involving 40 ICP cases, plasma Vitamin D levels were lower than the control group, and there was a negative correlation between disease severity and Vitamin D levels. In the study by Kuoppala et al. (1986) with 22 ICP cases, plasma Vitamin D levels were low in the ICP group, and the plasma level continued to decrease until delivery, whereas in the healthy group, no decrease was observed in the Vitamin D level until delivery. In the study by Shemer et al. with 22 ICP cases, Vitamin D plasma levels were significantly lower than the control group (Wikstrom Shemer and Marschall 2010). In these studies, conducted with a small number of cases, low Vitamin D levels were associated with ICP. In our study, which included 92 ICP cases, Vitamin D levels in the ICP group were significantly lower than those in the control group, similar to previous studies, and there was a moderate negative correlation between Vitamin D levels and TBA.
Role of Vitamin E in Selected Malignant Neoplasms in Women
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Anna Markowska, Michał Antoszczak, Janina Markowska, Adam Huczyński
Nevertheless, it should be noted that the conclusions resulting from research on the anticancer effect of vitamin E are inconclusive. While some studies show the extremely promising effect of vitamin E on cancer cells (lower vitamin E intake/nutritional status, or vitamin E supplementation to be associated with increased or decreased cancer risk, respectively), others provide quite the opposite conclusions. Therefore, it is necessary to perform extensive research, including extensive and well-controlled clinical trials taking into account, inter alia, the type of vitamin E analog used (tocopherols vs. tocotrienols), vitamin E isoforms (α-, β-, γ-, and δ-), duration of use (prediagnosis vs. post-diagnosis) or the duration of treatment, to unequivocally validate the obtained results. It seems that the most advantageous solution would be the use of vitamin E as an optional adjuvant supporting the action of known cytostatics. However, this requires further research and strict control of vitamin E levels in the blood, as vitamin E deficiency is harmful to the body, but excess vitamins can also lead to unwanted and unfavorable side effects.
Traditional green leafy vegetables as underutilised sources of micronutrients in a rural farming community in south-west Nigeria II: consumption pattern and potential contribution to micronutrient requirements
Published in South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2021
Shirley Isibhakhomen Ejoh, Faustina Dufie Wireko-Manu, David Page, Catherine MGC Renard
In Nigeria, apart from under-nutrition and over-nutrition, which currently constitute a double burden of disease, hidden hunger also constitutes a third burden.1 Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and iron deficiency remain public health challenges in Nigeria and this is particularly so in rural areas of the country. Some 25% of infant, child and maternal mortality is attributed to vitamin A deficiency.1 Prevalence of vitamin A deficiency among children aged under five children in Nigeria is between 5.3% and 29.5%,2,3 depending on the region. Iron deficiency is the cause of prevalent nutritional anaemia (also known as iron deficiency anaemia) in Nigeria; 20–40% in adult females, 20–25% in children and 10% in adult males.1 High rates of micronutrient deficiency are an indication of low-quality diets, which also contributes to all other forms of malnutrition.4 The micronutrient quality of poor diets could be improved with readily available and accessible traditional green leafy vegetables (TGLVs), especially among populations who have inadequate access to animal source foods for economic reasons.5