China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Probiotics and Autistic Spectrum Disorder
Published in Martin Colin R, Derek Larkin, Probiotics in Mental Health, 2018
Other species of gut bacteria have been associated with disturbances in intestinal microbiota, within an autistic spectrum disorder population. Sutterella (Williams et al., 2011) is reported at a higher prevalence in individuals with autistic spectrum disorder and gastrointestinal symptomology. Along with Sutterella Wang et al. (2013) found high levels of Ruminococcus torques in the guts of children with autistic spectrum disorder. Akkermansia muciniphilia (De Angelis et al., 2013; Kang et al., 2013), Desulfovibri (Finegold et al., 2010) and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (De Angelis et al., 2013) were found in increased abundance, in autistic spectrum disorder children. Kang et al. (2013) found low levels of Prevotella. Prevotella is associated with good gastrointestinal health. However, because research protocols differ between research laboratories conflicting findings are often reported, nevertheless there appears to be a body of evidence which contests that dysbiosis may be implicated at some level in autistic spectrum disorder. One mechanism for dysbiosis maybe the use of antibiotics, which disrupts normal microbiota health. Another mechanism was proposed by Williams et al. (2011) in which they suggest that defective dissaccharidase and hexose transporter leads to a compromised carbohydrate environment in the distal cecum/ileum, this then may lead to dysbiosis, as the bacteria have an additional substrate in which to colonise (Ding et al., 2017).
Cefaclor, Cefprozil, and Loracarbef
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Among Gram-positive anaerobes, the peptostreptococcal and Clostridium spp. are susceptible to cefprozil. Clostridium difficile, with an MIC of 4–8 μg/ml, is also moderately cefprozil susceptible, but the clinical significance of this is not known (Chin and Neu, 1987; Eliopoulos et al., 1987; Kayser, 1987; Leitner et al., 1987; Mazzulli et al., 1990; Thornsberry, 1992; Barry et al., 1994). Among Gram-negative anaerobes, Prevotella spp., such as P. melaninogenica and Fusobacterium spp., may be susceptible, but other Bacteroides spp., and in particular B. fragilis, are resistant (Chin and Neu, 1987; Eliopoulos et al., 1987; Leitner et al., 1987; Scribner et al., 1987; Arguedas et al., 1991; Thornsberry, 1992; Goldstein et al., 1995).
Effects of Tiaopi Xiezhuo decoction on constipation and gut dysbiosis in patients with peritoneal dialysis
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Yu Peng, Yuting Zeng, Tingting Zheng, Xiaoning Xie, Jianfeng Wu, Lizhe Fu, Fuhua Lu, La Zhang, Yang Chen, Xusheng Liu, Lei Wang
Among the species enriched by TXD, Prevotella is a common spore-free Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium. It is widely found in the oral cavity, intestinal tract, female genital tract, and other parts of the healthy human body, and constitutes the normal flora in these areas (Ley 2016). As members of the Bacteroidetes, Prevotella is more common in populations that consume a plant-rich diet, suggesting that it is a beneficial microbe (Wu GD et al. 2011; Martinez et al. 2015). Indeed, Prevotella can use xylan, xylose, and carboxymethylcellulose to produce high levels of short-chain fatty acids (Flint et al. 2008). In addition, live P. copri was found to improve glucose tolerance in a mouse model (Kovatcheva-Datchary et al. 2015). However, Prevotella has also been reported to be associated with immune diseases, especially rheumatoid arthritis, female genital tract inflammation, and oral infection (Kim and Kim 2016). Our data showed that P. copri was enriched by TXD and positively correlated with the improvement of constipation in PD patients, but we also found it was positively correlated with the serum levels of phosphate (Figure 6), which are unexpected in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Further studies are needed to understand the role of Prevotella in CKD.
Diversity of site-specific microbes of occlusal and proximal lesions in severe- early childhood caries (S-ECC)
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2022
Kausar Sadia Fakhruddin, Lakshman Perera Samaranayake, Rifat Akram Hamoudi, Hien Chi Ngo, Hiroshi Egusa
Several studies have reported the high prevalence of several Prevotella spp., particularly in dentine caries [22,49,72,76]. Indeed, this led Teng et al. to suggest the relative abundance of a panel of seven keystone Prevotella spp. from caries lesions of ECC [25,77]. Our findings, with a total of 27 species belonging to the genus Prevotella, with 23 species present at both the occlusal and proximal sites, and four species (Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nanceiensis, Prevotella marshii, and Prevotella fusca) only at the proximal sites, confirm the assertions of Teng et al. [25]. Others too have echoed these sentiments and surmised that the overexpression of collagenases by Prevotella species during proteolytic metabolism might significantly contribute to the progression of dental caries especially at the advancing dentinal front [76]. The rich aggregates of the Prevotella species with such collagenolytic attributes that were recovered from our samples included P. denticola, P. histicola, P. melaninogenica, P. multisaccharivorax, and low prevalent, P. nigrescens, and P. intermedia. Indeed, all of these species have been previously recorded by others as isolates from cariogenic lesions [78–82] (Figure 5). Our findings, therefore, further substantiate the view that Prevotella species play a leading role in proteolytic digestion and the progression of dentinal caries. However, further work is needed to ascertain the specific mechanisms by which they mediate such changes.
Prevotella species as oral residents and infectious agents with potential impact on systemic conditions
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2022
Eija Könönen, Dareen Fteita, Ulvi K. Gursoy, Mervi Gursoy
Amongst the vast number of bacteria–host cell interaction studies, only few studies include Prevotella as a test organism and/or demonstrate cellular response against Prevotella species other than P. intermedia. This species is common in periodontitis-affected gingival tissues, indicating its direct interactions with periodontal resident and immune cells [106]. P. intermedia is a strong inducer of epithelial anti-microbial peptides [human beta-defensins (hBD-1, −2, −3)] and IL-8, especially when incubated with human gingival keratinocytes with a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1,000 [107]. Such an effect was not observed when P. intermedia was incubated with a MOI of 200, meaning that the cellular response against P. intermedia requires colonization and proliferation of P. intermedia. Not only P. intermedia but also its glycoproteins, but not its LPS, can activate IL-8, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor protein expressions of gingival keratinocytes [108]. Thus, it is possible that oral Prevotella species do not only aggravate the disease extension and progression but also protect the healthy homeostasis in a species-dependent manner.