China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Marine Algal Secondary Metabolites Are a Potential Pharmaceutical Resource for Human Society Developments
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Somasundaram Ambiga, Raja Suja Pandian, Lazarus Vijune Lawrence, Arjun Pandian, Ramu Arun Kumar, Bakrudeen Ali Ahmed Abdul
Almelysin, a new metalloproteinase with significant efficiency in low temperatures, is also other proteinase isolated from the culture filtrate of Alteromonas sp. The metalloprotease secreted by Alteromonas sp. is essential in the strain’s chitin degradation pathway. Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. has been found as a protamine-reducing marine bacterium obtained from marine soil. Extremophile hydrolases have benefits over chemical biocatalysts. These catalysts are non- polluting, environmentally acceptable, extremely specific, and occur in mild reaction circumstances. Such hydrolases may activate in the form of organic liquids, which is crucial for the production of single-isomer chiral medicines. These hydrolases have been used in a variety of ways. L-asparaginase is a hydrolase which produces L-aspartic and ammonia from L-asparagine. L-glutaminase activities is also present in this enzyme. Antileukemia/antilymphoma drugs made from microbial L-asparaginase preparations for biomedical applications presently account for one-third of global demand. L-asparaginases have been widely utilized in children particularly its act as chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, which is considerably greater than various therapeutic enzymes. L-asparaginase has been treated as an anti-tumor therapy in non-lymphoma, bovine lymphoma sarcoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia Hodgkin’s pancreatic carcinoma, lymphosarcoma, lymphosarcoma, reticulum sarcoma, acute myelomonocytic leukemia, melanoma sarcoma and acute myelocytic leukemia.
Immunology
Published in Paul Pumpens, Single-Stranded RNA Phages, 2020
Later, the phage MS2 assisted by the investigation of furunculosis caused by bacterium Aeromonas salmonicida, a serious infectious disease of fish which has caused losses in both wild populations of salmon and in aquaculture (Hussain et al. 2000). Thus, bacteria-free supernatants of broth cultures of A. salmonicida inhibited the humoral immune response, but not the cell-mediated immune response, of Atlantic salmon to the phage MS2. It was found that the immunosuppressive factor was the 64 kDa serine protease secreted by A. salmonicida, while the principal lethal toxin of A. salmonicida, the glycerophospholipid:cholesterol acyltransferase, did not inhibit the immune response of salmon.
Antibacterial Activity of Seaweeds and their Extracts
Published in Leonel Pereira, Therapeutic and Nutritional Uses of Algae, 2018
In the study done by Dubber and Harder (2008), antibacterial effects of hexane and methanol extracts of the macroalgae Mastocarpus stellatus and Ceramium virgatum (formerly Ceramium rubrum) on 12 marine and seven prominent fish pathogenic bacteria at ecologically realistic concentrations of macroalgal secondary metabolites were investigated. Antibacterial activity was determined with a highly sensitive growth inhibition assay that records the fluorescence intensity of stained bacterial DNA. The assay allowed the detection of bacterial growth inhibition at and below the tissue level concentration of algal metabolites. Gram+ marine Bacillaceae were generally more susceptible than Grammarine Vibrionaceae. Listonella anguillarum, Pseudomonas anguilliseptica, and Aeromonas salmonicida were the most susceptible fish pathogenic bacteria.
Quorum sensing pathways in Gram-positive and -negative bacteria: potential of their interruption in abating drug resistance
Published in Journal of Chemotherapy, 2019
Shafiul Haque, Dinesh K. Yadav, Shekhar C. Bisht, Neelam Yadav, Vineeta Singh, Kashyap Kumar Dubey, Arshad Jawed, Mohd Wahid, Sajad Ahmad Dar
Quorum sensing was thought to be confined to a few aquatic organisms earlier but is now extensively accepted for various bacterial species that utilize it as a part of their regulatory machinery.3,4 QS-mediated regulation of virulence determinants have been reported in several Gram-negative pathogens viz. Vibrio anguillarum, Aeromonas salmonicida, Erwinia caratovora, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis.5,6 Control of expression of virulence genes or factors of organisms, parallely to many traits, by QS has a great importance which has led researchers and clinicians to explore the virulence mechanism of bacteria in greater detail at molecular level.
Review of Antimicrobial and Other Health Effects in 5 Essential Oil Producing Grass Species
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2023
Lemongrass leaves have shown to have anti-inflammatory properties via proteasome inhibition, NF-κB pathway, and cytokine expression (Francisco et al. 2013). Lemongrass extracts have been reported to reduce human lymphoma tumor growth (Philion et al. 2017). A clinical trial using 0.25% lemongrass oil mouthwash showed the highest reduction in plaque and gingival indexes when compared to a 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash (Dany et al. 2015). In fact, Subha and Pradeep (2017) showed in a clinical trial that a 0.25% concentration of lemongrass oil aided in chronic periodontitis and reduced markers of cardio-vascular diseases. Gastroprotective effects have been shown in rats fed with lemongrass leaf infusion (Sagradas et al. 2015). Lemongrass oil has been shown to be effective against prostate cancer and glioblastoma cell lines (Bayala et al. 2018). Polysaccharides of lemongrass may help in preventing or treating neurodegenerative diseases where neuro-inflammation is part of the problem (Mediesse et al. 2018). Machado et al. (2015) reported that a lemongrass hexane extract helped control allergic asthma in mice. A 20% solution of lemongrass oil showed an inhibition against Aeromonas salmonicida ssp. salmonicida which causes fish furunculosis disease (Starliper et al. 2015) and the main biochemicals in the lemongrass oil included eugenol α- and β-citral. Citronellal which has been found in lemongrass oil has the potential to prevent atherosclerosis in rats (Lu et al. 2019). Another component of lemongrass oil is linalool which has been reported to lower blood pressure and pulse rate in people with carpal tunnel syndrome (Seol et al. 2016).
Pharmacokinetics and tissue disposition of enrofloxacin in rainbow trout after different routes of administration
Published in Xenobiotica, 2020
Natalia Urzúa, María Jimena Messina, Guillermo Prieto, Carlos Lüders, Carlos Errecalde
Currently, rainbow trout production occupies an important place in freshwater fish farming practices around the world (Galezan et al., 2020; Terzi et al., 2020); In rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), bacterial diseases have a great impact in economics and animal health. The major bacteria associated with fish diseases are the Gram-negative Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas salmonicida, Yersinia ruckeri, Flavobacterium psychrophilum and Pseudomonas spp. and the Gram-positive Lactococcus Garvieae, Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. (Corum et al., 2018; Quesada et al., 2013; Samuelsen, 2006; Sekkin & Kum, 2011).