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IoT Application for Healthcare
Published in Punit Gupta, Dinesh Kumar Saini, Rohit Verma, Healthcare Solutions Using Machine Learning and Informatics, 2023
Monika Sharma, Hemant K Upadhyay, Sapna Juneja, Abhinav Juneja
Collected real-time health data obtained from sensors are displayed on the ThingSpeak and can be remotely monitored by computer and mobile devices. Figure 10.4 illustrates collection of health data relating to five different activities of 30 individuals, followed by exploratory data analysis (EDA). A normal healthy oxygen level range is between 95% to 100%. A normal healthy heart rate is between 60 and 100 bpm. Normal healthy human body temperature is 96°F to 99°F. The different BPM, SPO2 and temperature values for the five different activities are shown in the multivariate analysis in Figure 10.5.
Anemia (Macrocytic)
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Low blood oxygen levels can lead to fatigue, pallor, shortness of breath, weakness, diarrhea, anorexia, glossitis, instability when walking, tingling in the hands or feet, and confusion. The two most common causes of megaloblastic anemia are deficiencies of vitamin B12 or folate (vitamin B9). Other causes of macrocytosis include liver disease (alcohol-related), drugs (chemotherapy compounds, anticonvulsants, antibiotics, and HIV medications), bone marrow disorders, hypothyroidism, hemolysis, and pregnancy. Treatment is directed to the underlying cause.1
Deaths Due to Asphyxiant Gases
Published in Sudhir K. Gupta, Forensic Pathology of Asphyxial Deaths, 2022
Supplemental oxygen will be a crucial part of supportive care and it has a synergistic effect with antidotes. Seizures resulting from cyanide poisoning may be refractory and require aggressive management. Hemodialysis particularly beneficial in the face of worsening acidosis and failing renal function.
Incidence and predictors of diabetes mellitus among severe COVID-19 patients in western Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study
Published in Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa, 2023
Tadesse Tolossa, Matiyos Lema, Bizuneh Wakuma, Ebisa Turi, Ginenus Fekadu, Diriba Mulisa, Getahun Fetensa
The predictor variables considered for this study were sociodemographic factors such as age, residence and sex. Clinically related variables such as fever on admission, headache on admission, loss of appetite, sore throat, cough on admission, fatigue, status of the patient on admission, organ failure, oxygen supplementation activity, duration of clinical manifestation on admission, comorbidity on admission and type of comorbidity were also considered. Types of medication prescribed by the physician and laboratory-related variables such as oxygen saturation, chest X-ray, RBS, complete blood count, haemoglobin, and GeneXpert were also included. Oxygen saturation was categorised as normal oxygen levels in a pulse oximeter, i.e. ranging from 94% to 100%; blood oxygen levels below 94% are considered low (hypoxemia).26
Norepinephrine may improve survival of septic shock patients in a low-resource setting: a proof-of-concept study on feasibility and efficacy outside the Intensive Care Unit
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2022
Paolo Bima, Carmen Orlotti, Okot Godfrey Smart, Fulvio Morello, Mattia Trunfio, Luca Brazzi, Giorgia Montrucchio
This observational study was conducted at Dr. Ambrosoli Memorial Hospital, Kalongo, Agago District, Uganda which is a countryside non-referral hospital of about 270 patient capacity divided into general medical, surgical, pediatrics, and obstetrical-gynecological wards. As it often occurs in sub-Saharan Africa, drug availability is limited and non-constant, there are no automatized and/or invasive monitoring systems nor central venous catheters. Supplemental oxygen is administered through a reduced number of low-flow oxygen concentrators. Staff is composed by nurses, physician assistants, general medical doctors and two experienced surgeons, but the hospital usually lacks an intensivist or emergency medicine physician. In the medical ward there is usually one physician every 20 patients and one nurse every 10 patients. The available clinical work-up includes full blood count, creatinine, and electrolytes, malaria rapid antigen test and blood film, HIV rapid test (and CD4+ count), hepatitis B surface antigen, Gram stain of body fluids, colorimetric reactive strips for urine and other body fluids, basic radiologic investigations (ultrasound and x-rays). Microbiologic cultures and blood lactate measurement are not available.
Exercise and anemia in cancer patients: could it make the difference?
Published in Expert Review of Hematology, 2021
Alice Avancini, Lorenzo Belluomini, Daniela Tregnago, Ilaria Trestini, Michele Milella, Massimo Lanza, Sara Pilotto
Exercising in a hypoxic environment, e.g. at altitude, is an established method to enhance red blood cell count, and different training protocols have been tested in healthy subjects [49]. Living at high altitudes is associated with low oxygen availability in the environment and requires the human body to react to that status of hypobaric hypoxia. To acclimatize, the body responds with several acute and long-term adjustments that partially compensate for the lack of oxygen [50]. One of the most recognized adaptations to altitude is the enhancement of erythrocyte production. Hypoxia activates the HIF-1 and HIF-2, which, in turn, stimulates the EPO production and promotes the endothelial growth factor release in order to compensate for the low-oxygen conditions [51,52]. As previously mentioned, in cancer, such transcription factors are associated with tumor growth and the development of aggressive phenotypes, signifying that the exposure at high altitudes could be detrimental [51,52]. Nevertheless, the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factors may be suppressive; instead, in some cancer types, it regulates distinct target genes and pathways compared to those associated with tumorigenesis, suggesting that for some tumors, the effect of altitude could be protective [51,52]. In this light, some investigations revealed that living at altitude may reduce the incidence and cancer-specific mortality [51,52] although other studies do not support these results [53].