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Assessing and responding to sudden deterioration in the adult
Published in Nicola Neale, Joanne Sale, Developing Practical Nursing Skills, 2022
Breathing normally involves a process of inspiration and expiration. This is achieved by expansion of the thoracic cavity and air being forced down into the lungs. The oxygen we need is gained from the atmospheric air around us. Oxygen constitutes approximately 21% of air at sea level. Oxygen therapy is the administration of extra oxygen to enable a higher inspiration of oxygen than that achieved during normal breathing. Oxygen delivery equipment is essential in emergency situations and is available in all acute settings and many community care environments too. Oxygen delivery relies on a patent airway.
Thoracic Trauma
Published in Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner, Trauma Care Manual, 2021
Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner
The priority is the patency of the airway (Chapter 9). Oxygen therapy should be instituted as soon as possible with high-flow delivery via a suitable mask in order to achieve maximum possible concentration (as near to 100% as possible).
Therapeutic Gases for Neurological Disorders
Published in Sahab Uddin, Rashid Mamunur, Advances in Neuropharmacology, 2020
R. Rachana, Tanya Gupta, Saumya Yadav, Manisha Singh
Oxygen therapy is a treatment in which supplemental oxygen is given to the patient in chronic or acute disorders. Normally, our lungs take the oxygen from the air we breathe but the patients suffering from severe diseases like asthma, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) require this gas as a therapy (Suzzane et al., 2005). It is also referred in case of hypoxemia, where the concentration of blood oxygen in the arteries goes below 60 mmHg, and tissue hypoxia occurs (Schreiner et al., 1982). Before delivering oxygen to the patients, one has to determine the dose, time duration, and pressure of oxygen by assessing the patients age, his/her need, technological capability, and matching technology (Walsh et al., 2017).
Costs of oxygen therapy for interstitial lung disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A retrospective study from a universal healthcare system
Published in Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, 2022
Ferhan Saleem, Sana Vahidy, John Fleetham, Loretta Pavan, Claire Normandin, Jordan A. Guenette, Yet H. Khor, Christopher J. Ryerson
The study was limited by the lack of granularity in some patient characteristics given the inability to link VCH HOP charts to other medical records. For example, we were unable to confidently identify the underlying diagnosis, clarify details of medications, or quantify pulmonary function. Also, we were unable to confirm compliance (eg, number of hours per day of oxygen use) for each patient or the number of cylinders used each month, as this information was only recorded by the oxygen supplier and was not shared with the VCH HOP. Furthermore, the cost of oxygen therapy is dependent on the contract with suppliers, which can result in significant fluctuations in oxygen equipment pricing. There are also potential regional differences based on population density that might affect efficiency of travel to patients’ homes.
The relationship of retinopathy of prematurity with brain-derivated neurotrophic factor, vascular endotelial growth factor-A, endothelial PAD domain protein 1 and nitric oxide synthase 3 gene polymorphisms
Published in Ophthalmic Genetics, 2021
Serdar Ilguy, Oguz Cilingir, Mustafa Deger Bilgec, Onur Ozalp, Ebru Erzurumluoglu Gokalp, Serap Arslan, Neslihan Tekin, Ozge Aydemir, Nazmiye Erol, Ertugrul Colak, Huseyin Gursoy
148 patients who were followed up for ROP in Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics Neonatology between January 2018 and January 2020 were evaluated. There were 75 patients in the control group and 73 patients in the treatment group. Here, 56% (n = 42) and 47.9% (n = 35) of the patients were girls in the control and treatment group, respectively (p = .33)(Table 1). The mean birth week of the subjects in the control group was 28.79 ± 2.57 weeks and in the treatment group it was 26.22 ± 2.36 weeks, and there was statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = .002). The average birth weight of the infants in the control group was 1110 ± 300.9 gr, and 866.9 ± 317.9 g in the treatment group, and it was found to be statistically significant (p = .001). The mean first examination time of the control group was 31.2 ± 1.6 weeks, while it was 32.8 ± 2.1 weeks in the treatment group (p < .001). The duration of stay in infant incubator in the treatment group (100.2 ± 62 days) was significantly higher than the control group (67.7 ± 42.8 days), (p < .001). The duration of receiving oxygen therapy was significantly longer in the treatment group (65.8 ± 62.1 days) compared to the control group (34.3 ± 34.7 days), (p < .001).
Current advances in the management of cluster headaches
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2021
Theodoros Mavridis, Marianthi Breza, Christina Deligianni, Dimos D. Mitsikostas
Oxygen therapy remains a first-line treatment for cluster bouts [27]. Oxygen with a FiO2 of 100% should be given via a nonrebreathing mask with a flow rate of at least 7 L/min, but usually ≥12 L/min with the patient in a sitting, upright position [3] for at least 15 minutes. Oxygen treatment has level A of evidence (LOE) from both American Headache Society (AHS) and European Federation of Neurological Societies (EFNS) [28,29]. EFNS task force suggests a higher oxygen flow rate of 15 L/min that may sometimes be effective when lower rates are not [28,30]. Studies have shown that there are not significant differences between mask types (i.e. demand valve oxygen, O2ptimask), as long as the fiO2 is 100% [31]. Oxygen therapy is a safe economical treatment without concern for overuse and does not have any serious side effects but should be handled with caution in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as there is an increased risk of developing hypoxemic hypercapnia [27,32].