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Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
The most common symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning are headache, dizziness, weakness, nausea, vomiting, chest pain, and confusion. High levels of carbon monoxide inhalation can cause loss of consciousness and death. Unless suspected, carbon monoxide poisoning can be difficult to diagnose because its symptoms mimic symptoms of other illnesses. 100% oxygen therapy is the first choice of treatment in medicine.
Investigative Duties on Scene
Published in Kevin L. Erskine, Erica J. Armstrong, Water-Related Death Investigation, 2021
Another important factor to consider in a boating fatality is carbon monoxide poisoning. Carbon monoxide is an invisible, odorless, tasteless gas that is produced when a carbon-based fuel burns. It can make one sick in seconds, and in high concentrations, it can kill a person in just a few breaths. Check vessel ports to make sure they are clear and free of obstructions that may hinder venting of fumes. Sources of carbon monoxide on a boat may include gasoline engines, heaters, stoves, and generators. Early symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning include eye irritation, dizziness, nausea, headache, and weakness. Interviews with fellow boaters may determine that the decedent was complaining of these symptoms.
Disorders of Consciousness
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Carbon monoxide poisoning (Figure 4.20): carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin 200 times more avidly than oxygen. It is obtained from: Car exhaust fumes.Fumes from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, particularly in poorly ventilated heating systems.Household gas where natural gas is not used.Metabolic conversion of methylene chloride that is found in paint strippers.
Carbon monoxide poisoning mortality in the United States from 2015–2021
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2023
It is logical to assume that residential carbon monoxide alarms would prevent poisoning. Two studies are often cited in support of carbon monoxide alarm effectiveness. In one [20], 136 New Mexico carbon monoxide deaths over 16 years were retrospectively reviewed, and study investigators determined one-half might have survived the exposure had an operational carbon monoxide alarm been present in the residence. In the other [21], a North Carolina ice storm resulted in extensive power outages and a subsequent outbreak of carbon monoxide poisonings in a county that had required carbon monoxide alarm installation in a subset of residences two years earlier. Of 124 individuals subsequently diagnosed with symptomatic carbon monoxide poisoning, 109 came from homes without reported functional carbon monoxide alarms. This included 25 of 26 with poisoning deemed to be severe, with one death. It is unknown how many undiagnosed carbon monoxide poisonings occurred or how many homes actually had functioning alarms.
The effect of preconditioning agents on cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity of carbon monoxide poisoning in animal studies: a systematic review
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2023
Hamed Baharara, Hanieh Ghasemi, Sara Samadi, Bahar Roohshad, Vahid Jomehzadeh, Khosrow Ravankhah Moghaddam, Amir Hooshang Mohammadpour, Omid Arasteh
The search strategy was a combination of Mesh terms and keywords that retrieve from PubMed, Embase (Emtree), and studies. According to population, intervention, comparator, outcome (PICO), the search terms were divided into three components. The population terms include carbon monoxide poisoning, carbon monoxide, carbon monoxide toxicity, carbon monoxide intoxication. The intervention included ischemic preconditioning, myocardial, ischemic preconditioning, IPC, pharmacological preconditioning, and ischemic tolerance. The outcome terms were cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, myocardial infarction, carbon monoxide induced heart toxicity, carbon monoxide induced cerebral injury, cardiovascular events, and neurotoxicity syndromes. The three search components combined with the Boolean logic term “AND,” while the keywords within components were combined with “OR.” The authors were not restricted in language and time during the search and identification of studies. The search strategy was re-run to retrieve the most recent studies eligible for inclusion.
Mathematical analysis of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange in the human capillary and tissue system
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Ahsan Ul Haq Lone, M. A. Khanday
The intercepts and the slope of the curves, corresponding to physiological values of the concentration of gases in different compartments along the diffusion pathway, are likely to change in response to environmental conditions. For instance, at higher altitudes, the person experiences oxygen deficiency in view of the low concentration, and hence, low partial pressure of oxygen. This, in effect, results in cut down in the supply of oxygen to lungs and down to tissues. The resultant changes in the physiological status of oxygen transport and metabolism represent hypoxic conditions, where the cells and tissues are depleted of oxygen and would be reflected in the alteration of intercept and slope of our graphs. Such hypoxic conditions also arise in situations of carbon monoxide poisoning, wherein CO competes with O2 for haemoglobin and is manifest in decreased influx of O2 into capillaries and tissues. Strenuous exercises are another instance of reduced oxygen supply vis-a-vis the demands of the tissues. Therefore, our study finds scope in estimating the deficiency and requirement of oxygen in cells and thus, may act as a guide in clinical emergencies for the treatment of hypoxic patients. The study is also expected to find application in ventilator-based emergency treatment of patients afflicted with the COVID-19 pandemic. Since, oxygen transport and metabolism is inextricably linked with CO2 production and transport inside the body, the changes in the former would be automatically reflected in variation in the latter.