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Menorrhagia
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Menorrhagia is the medical term for menstrual periods with abnormally heavy (passing clots the size of a quarter or larger or needing to change a tampon or pad after less than two hours)1 or prolonged (more than seven days) bleeding that is often accompanied by severe pelvic pain. It is one of the most common gynecologic complaints. If the condition becomes chronic, anemia from recurrent excessive blood loss may result. Low hemoglobin levels reduce the blood's capacity to carry oxygen, leading to extreme tiredness, fatigue, unusual weakness, and shortness of breath.
Altitude, temperature, circadian rhythms and exercise
Published in Adam P. Sharples, James P. Morton, Henning Wackerhage, Molecular Exercise Physiology, 2022
Henning Wackerhage, Kenneth A. Dyar, Martin Schönfelder
In summary, Tibetans that live permanently at high altitude have experienced a natural selection of DNA variants of hypoxia-sensing genes such as EPAS1 which encodes HIF-2α, and EGLN1 which encodes PHD2. These mutations limit the increased haematocrit and haemoglobin concentrations at high altitude, allowing the carriers to avoid associated health problems. This is the opposite from the EPOR mutation carriers in Finland who have a higher haematocrit but live at sea level (23). In contrast, people that live in the Andean Altiplano have elevated haemoglobin concentrations, but perhaps selection of additional unidentified alleles that limit the negative consequences of high haemoglobin concentrations. Additionally, there is some evidence that high altitude mice and humans may favour carbohydrate oxidation which is associated with a greater production of ATP per oxygen atom (i.e. P/O ratio).
Micronutrients and Nutraceuticals: Effects on Exercise Performance
Published in Peter M. Tiidus, Rebecca E. K. MacPherson, Paul J. LeBlanc, Andrea R. Josse, The Routledge Handbook on Biochemistry of Exercise, 2020
Stella L. Volpe, Quentin Nichols
Iron is involved in a number of metabolic reactions in the body, including those involved with oxygen transport in red blood cells and tissues, ATP generation, prevention of lipid peroxidation, and storage and transport. One of the main functions of iron is its involvement in the synthesis of haem into haemoglobin, which is a protein found in red blood cells. The main function of haemoglobin is the transport of oxygen from the lungs to the tissues.
Hb Santa Juana (β 108(G10) Asn > Ser): a low oxygen affinity hemoglobin variant in a family of Bosnian background
Published in Hematology, 2023
N. P. Wildenberg, C. Rossi, A. E. Kulozik, J. B. Kunz
Several hundred hemoglobin variants have been described and new ones continue to be discovered. While many do not cause disease, specific physicochemical properties may result in severe disorders. Such properties include the potential to polymerize as in sickle cell disease, instability as in hemolytic anemia associated with hemoglobin Köln, the propensity to form methemoglobin as in hemoglobin Iwate, and elevated oxygen affinity resulting in polycythemia as in hemoglobin Potomac. Hemoglobin variants characterized by reduced oxygen affinity rarely cause symptoms and have been subject to reports in this journal (see supplemental table) [1]. Here, we extend the spectrum of low oxygen affinity hemoglobin variants by providing clinical and laboratory data of four carriers of Hb Santa Juana.
COVID-19 and Anemia: What Do We Know So Far?
Published in Hemoglobin, 2023
Luai Abu-Ismail, Mohammad J. J. Taha, Mohammad T. Abuawwad, Yaqeen Al-Bustanji, Khayry Al-Shami, Abdulqadir Nashwan, Mohamed Yassin
The correlation between COVID-19 and anemia is of a complex nature. Both anemia and COVID-19 cause immune dysregulation, predisposing patients to autoimmune complications that are effectively interchangeable [1,2]. For example, COVID-19 patients might become anemic, and anemic patients are at risk of severe COVID-19 infection. Moreover, COVID-19 is clinically linked to thrombotic events caused by several mechanisms [3,4]. Inflammation leads to typical alterations of iron homeostasis hallmarked by increased iron acquisition and retention within macrophages along with reduced intestinal iron absorption [5]. This results in a reduction of circulating iron levels and a reduced availability of the metal for erythropoiesis, where it is needed to produce hemoglobin (Hb). Together with cytokine-mediated inhibition of erythropoiesis, shortened erythrocyte half-life and reduced biological activity of the red cell hormone erythropoietin, this results in the development of anemia of inflammation (AI) [6,7].
The effect of natural biomolecules on yttrium oxide nanoparticles from a Daphnia magna survival rate perspective
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2023
Egle Kelpsiene, Tingru Chang, Alexander Khort, Katja Bernfur, Inger Odnevall, Tommy Cedervall, Jing Hua
Vitellogenin-1 has previously been identified as one of the general proteins that bind to NPs after incubation with D. magna. Examples of such NPs include Au NPs (Mattsson et al. 2018), differently surface-charged polystyrene NPs (Kelpsiene et al. 2022), and Ag NPs (Gao et al. 2017). Vitellogenin-1 plays an important role in oogenesis and is highly expressed in females (Hara, Hiramatsu, and Fujita 2016, Gao et al. 2017). Hemoglobin is a polyfunctional molecule that is mainly involved in oxygen binding and transport (Ahmed, Ghatge, and Safo 2020). Serine protease has also been identified to extensively interact with 53 nm sized PS-NH2 NPs and to some extent with 200 nm sized PS-NH2 NPs (Kelpsiene et al. 2022). Our previous findings show that actin, alpha skeletal muscle commonly binds to both negatively and positively charged polystyrene NPs after incubation with D. magna (Kelpsiene et al. 2022). Actin protein plays an important role in the structure and motio of cells. Changes of its expression can lead to toxicity (Gunning et al. 2015). The presence of heat shock 70 kDa protein cognate is in line with previous findings where the protein was reported to be secreted by D. magna in response to metallic NPs (Ellis and Lynch 2020) and to 53 nm sized PS-NH2 NPs (Kelpsiene et al. 2022). Results of this study show lamin-A to only be detected in the 20–40 nm sized Y2O3 NPs sample, the same protein also shown to interact only with the 200 nm sized PS-NH2 NPs (Kelpsiene et al. 2022).