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Published in Ken Addley, MCQs, MEQs and OSPEs in Occupational Medicine, 2023
Best fit. Carboxyhaemoglobin concentrations are typically less than 10% in smokers. Carbon monoxide results in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shifting to the left impairing oxygen delivery to the tissues. Carbon monoxide is a by-product of incomplete combustion of carbon fuels. Carbon monoxide is generated in the human body by the catabolism of heme and results in the normal baseline human carboxyhemoglobin level of 0.4–1%.
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
The most common symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning are headache, dizziness, weakness, nausea, vomiting, chest pain, and confusion. High levels of carbon monoxide inhalation can cause loss of consciousness and death. Unless suspected, carbon monoxide poisoning can be difficult to diagnose because its symptoms mimic symptoms of other illnesses. 100% oxygen therapy is the first choice of treatment in medicine.
Environment and health
Published in Sally Robinson, Priorities for Health Promotion and Public Health, 2021
Tristi Brownett, Joanne Cairns
Carbon monoxide is a colourless, odourless and tasteless gas that we can inhale with ease. It is a product of the incomplete burning of wood and the carbon-based fossil fuels: gas, oil, and coal. Poorly maintained boilers, coal fires and wood burners can produce carbon monoxide, and poor ventilation can enable it to accumulate (Green et al., 1999). Once inhaled, it replaces the oxygen in red blood cells, causing dizziness, shortness of breath, tissue damage and potentially death (NHS, 2019).
Cardioprotective effects of hesperidin on carbon monoxide poisoned in rats
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2021
Ramin Rezaee, Alireza Sheidary, Saeedeh Jangjoo, Sarvenaz Ekhtiary, Somayeh Bagheri, Zahra Kohkan, Madjid Dadres, Anca Oana Docea, Konstantinos Tsarouhas, Dimosthenis A. Sarigiannis, Spyros Karakitsios, Aristidis Tsatsakis, Leda Kovatsi, Mahmoud Hashemzaei
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless and odorless toxic gas that competes with oxygen for binding sites of hemoglobin. It is considered the most common cause of poisoning-related mortality and morbidity worldwide (Goldstein 2008, Dindar Badem et al. 2019). CO is produced by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and is found in motor vehicle exhaust emissions, poorly burning furnaces, charcoal burning and tobacco smoking (Satran et al. 2005, Mohamadpour et al. 2012, Eichhorn et al. 2018). Clinical manifestations of CO poisoning include injuries in the organs with great oxygen consumption, such as the brain and heart (Ghorbani et al. 2017, Tabrizian et al. 2017). Intoxication with CO causes myocardial infarction (MI), cardiomyopathy, tachycardia, dysrhythmia, hypotension, ischemia, and, in more severe cases, cardiac arrest (Goldstein 2008). Severity of cardiac poisoning is associated with the blood levels of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and duration of CO exposure (Kaya et al. 2016). Even a long time after CO poisoning, MI can occur, especially in patients with increased COHb concentrations (Kalay 2016).
Development and Evaluation of a Theory-Based Approach to Reducing Carbon Monoxide (CO) Morbidity and Mortality: The CO Blitz Model
Published in Journal of Community Health Nursing, 2019
Robin M. Dawson, Amber Proctor Williams, James Richardson
Unintentional, non-fire-related CO poisoning is preventable with proper installation and use of CO-producing sources, as well as well-maintained carbon monoxide alarms (Graber, Macdonald, Kass, Smith, & Anderson, 2007). Reasons cited for not having a working CO alarm in existing dwellings include underestimation of CO exposure risk, living in a rental property in which the landlord had not installed an alarm, and expense (Hampson & Weaver, 2011). Additionally, CO alarms must be installed in an appropriate location and tested regularly to assure they are in working order as they have a limited lifespan. Recent surveys have found even when CO alarms were installed in residences, they were often not placed according to National Fire Protection Association guidelines (e.g., in a central location outside each sleeping area and on each level of the home), were not checked regularly by the occupants to make sure they were operational (once a month), or were not working properly due to battery depletion or age of device (National Fire Protection Association, 2008; Naylor, Walsh, & Dowker, 2013). In fact, one study found that only half of the currently installed CO monitors examined alarmed appropriately when exposed to CO (Ryan & Arnold, 2011).
Perfusion with carbon monoxide does not affect extracellular glutamate in dialysates of the hippocampus of freely moving mice
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2018
Asuka Ito, Mostofa Jamal, Kiyoshi Ameno, Naoko Tanaka, Ayaka Takakura, Takanori Miki, Hiroshi Kinoshita
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a potentially fatal condition that occurs when CO gas is inhaled. CO is also formed endogenously in small amounts as a byproduct of heme degradation (Wu and Wang 2005). CO produces a range of effects on health even at very low levels (Townsend and Maynard 2002). The principal mechanism of many adverse effects of CO exposure is COHb-induced tissue hypoxia. The brain is the organ most vulnerable to CO-induced acute hypoxia, due to its high demand for oxygen and this may result in cognitive defects, especially affecting memory and learning (Piantadosi et al. 1997).