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Biotransformation of Sesquiterpenoids, Ionones, Damascones, Adamantanes, and Aromatic Compounds by Green Algae, Fungi, and Mammals
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Yoshinori Asakawa, Yoshiaki Noma
(−)-β-Caryophyllene epoxide (453) was incubated with C. aphidicola for 6 days to afford two metabolites (457 l, 457 m), while Macrophomina phaseolina biotransformed the same substrate to 14- (454) and 15-hydroxy derivatives (457k). The same substrate was treated in A. niger, G. fujikuroi, and R. stolonifer for 8 days and F. lini for 10 days to afford the metabolites 457n, 457o, 457p and 457q, and 457r, respectively. All metabolites were estimated for butyrylcholine esterase inhibitory activity, and compound 457k was found to show potency similar activity to galantamine HBr (IC50 10.9 vs. 8.5 mM) (Choudhary et al., 2006b) (Figure 23.133).
Seaweed Antimicrobials
Published in Gokare A. Ravishankar, Ranga Rao Ambati, Handbook of Algal Technologies and Phytochemicals, 2019
María José Pérez, Elena Falqué, Herminia Domínguez
Recent studies have confirmed the antifungal capacity of seaweeds, but the mechanism of action is not completely known. Martins et al. (2018) evaluated the antimicrobial activity of extracts from Antarctic seaweeds using the broth microdilution method against Candida albicans, and some clinical isolates from the human oral cavity and observed that the ethyl acetate extract of Himantothallus grandifolius was active against all strains tested, including fluconazole-resistant samples. Khan et al. (2017) found that both aqueous and methanolic extracts of Sargasssum tenerrimum were the most potent antifungal agents among the extracts of different seaweeds and inhibited growth of Fusarium oxypsorum, Macrophomina phaseolina and Rhizoctonia solani.
Antifungal Activity of Seaweeds and their Extracts
Published in Leonel Pereira, Therapeutic and Nutritional Uses of Algae, 2018
According to Ara et al. (2005), chloroform and methanol fractions of an ethanol extract of Spatoglossum asperum showed antifungal activity (inhibition of 3 mm and 4 mm) against the highly destructive plant pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina, while the n-hexane fraction showed activity (inhibition of 2 mm) against Thanatephorus cucumeris (formerly Rhizoctonia solani) and Fusarium solani. The oily fractions of ethanol extract from S. asperum showed growth inhibition ofM. phaseolina, F. solani, Fusarium oxysporum, and T. cucumeris by producing a zone of inhibition of 6 mm, 13 mm, 6 mm, and 18 mm, respectively.
Antimicrobial activities of Trichoderma atroviride against common bean seed-borne Macrophomina phaseolina and Rhizoctonia solani
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2020
Naglaa M. El-Benawy, Gamal M. Abdel-Fattah, Khalid M. Ghoneem, Yasser M. Shabana
Common bean is subjected to various types of diseases mainly by fungi which cause 80–100% yield loss [6]. Fungi cause the majority of infectious diseases of common bean including the angular leaf spot caused by Phaeoisariopsis griseola, leaf rust caused by Uromyces appendiculatus, anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, white mold caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, root rot caused by Fusarium spp., damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani, and charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina [7]. When they are seed-borne, up to 53% yield losses were reported [8].