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Latin American Endemic (Wild) Medicinal Plants with High Value
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Wild Plants, 2020
Amner Muñoz-Acevedo, María C. González, Ricardo D.D.G. de Alburquerque, Ninoska Flores, Alberto Giménez-Turba, Feliza Ramón-Farias, Leticia M. Cano-Asseleih, Elsa Rengifo
Some studies of field validation with Evanta syrup on helminth parasites (Ascaris spp., Strongyloides vermicularis, Trichuris trichura, and Uncinaria spp.) in children from first to fifth primary grade (5–14 years old, with entero-parasite infestation diagnosed by copro-parasitology) at the Charcas II Community school (tropical zone Departamento de La Paz) showed promising results in their elimination/control. The efficacy was similar to those obtained with mebendazole and/or albendazole, but none of the treatments had an effect against Hymenolepis nana. While the efficacy on protozoan parasites was more complicated and less clear; despite that, Evanta was able to reduce populations of Chilomastix mesnili, Endolimax nana, and Iodamoeba bütschlii, but it had few effects against Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba coli, and Blastocystis hominis (IDH project 2010–2014).
An Overview of Helminthiasis
Published in Venkatesan Jayaprakash, Daniele Castagnolo, Yusuf Özkay, Medicinal Chemistry of Neglected and Tropical Diseases, 2019
Leyla Yurttaș, Betül Kaya Çavușoğlu, Derya Osmaniye, Ulviye Acar Çevik
Finally, Hymenolepis nana (the Greek, “nana”, means dwarf) is the most common human tapeworm, particularly in young children. Hymenolepis nana is unique in having a direct human life-cycle. Most infections are asymptomatic but symptoms can occur with higher worm burdens. If present, symptoms are mostly nonspecific: abdominal discomfort and, occasionally, diarrhoea and malabsorption (Moore and Chiodini 2009, Thompson 2015).
Hymenolepis
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
First described as Taenia nana by Von Siebold in 1852, Hymenolepis nana (commonly known as dwarf tapeworm, nanos = dwarf) is a tiny intestinal tapeworm of humans (particularly children) that has the ability to complete its life cycle in a single host and to transmit via the fecal-oral route from one infected person to another without an intermediate host. In contrast, Hymenolepis diminuta (commonly known as rat tapeworm) is a zoonotic intestinal tapeworm of rodents and humans, whose life cycle involves an intermediate host (usually arthropods). Morphologically, H. nana is characterized by its smaller size and its possession of rostellar hooks and linear reproductive organs, whereas H. diminuta is much larger, has no rostellar hooks, and its reproductive organs are arranged in a triangular formation.
Comparing the efficiency of four diagnostic concentration techniques performed on the same group of intestinal parasites
Published in Alexandria Journal of Medicine, 2018
Kamran Pakdad, Seyed Dawood Mousavi Nasab, Fatemeh-Alsadat Damraj, Nayeb Ali Ahmadi
In the present study, the κ index of the four concentration methods for diagnosis of all the stool specimens showed moderate to substantial agreement, substantial agreement (above 65%) for FTC and FAC, and moderate agreement for FEC and FGC methods. The agreement between the diagnostic techniques, as determined by Cohen’s kappa statistic, was generally low to moderate for diagnosis of helminth species. The highest kappa value was found for A. lumbricoides between FEC and FAC (κ = 0.513) techniques, as well as for H.nana between FEC and FGC (κ = 0.416) techniques, whereas in other concentration methods for both helminth species, the kappa values were below 0.40. Similar observations have been made in previous studies in which the agreement between the ether-concentration method and quadruplicate Kato-Katz thick smears was moderate for all helminth species (T. trichiura, κ = 0.54; A. lumbricoides, κ = 0.48; hookworm, κ = 0.47).8 Another study by Utzinger et al. (2010) showed excellent agreement (κ > 0.8) among European reference laboratories for the diagnosis of A. lumbricoides, hookworm, T. trichiura and S. mansoni; moderate agreement (κ = 0.54) for Hymenolepis nana, and lesser agreement was observed for other helminth species discovered.19
Parasites of importance for human health on edible fruits and vegetables in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2018
An extensive literature search was conducted between September 2016 and March 2017 on PubMed, Google Scholars, Medline, African Journals OnLine (AJOL) and cross checking of references of studies that resulted through the search of databases pertaining to the contamination of fruits and vegetables by parasites of public health importance. Several keywords and combinations were used to retrieve relevant information. Some of these combinations included, but were not limited to, prevalence or occurrence of parasites of importance for human health on fruits and/or vegetables or contamination of fruits or vegetable with parasites of importance for human health. Combinations for parasite specific searches included, but were not limited to, prevalence or occurrence or contamination of fruits or vegetables with Hymenolepis ± nana, Cryptosporidium ± species, Ascaris ± lumbricoides and Ancylostoma ± duodenale. Regional specific searches were narrowed to all 36 states and 6 regions of the Nigerian federation.