China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Paper 3
Published in Amanda Rabone, Benedict Thomson, Nicky Dineen, Vincent Helyar, Aidan Shaw, The Final FRCR, 2020
Amanda Rabone, Benedict Thomson, Nicky Dineen, Vincent Helyar, Aidan Shaw
The case describes a vein of Galen malformation. These are often diagnosed in third trimester antenatal scans as a vascular anechoic structure close to the third ventricle. They cause a left-to-right shunt and therefore lead to high-output cardiac failure leading to cardiomegaly, pulmonary oedema and widening of the superior mediastinum.
Pediatrics
Published in Hemanshu Prabhakar, Charu Mahajan, Indu Kapoor, Manual of Neuroanesthesia, 2017
Farzana Afroze, Helena Oechsner, Melissa Ehlers
Vein of Galen malformation is unique to pediatric populations. This malformation, prior to development of endovascular technique, had a very high morbidity and mortality with or without surgical therapy. Clinical manifestation may include parenchymal brain loss and calcification, high-output heart failure, refractory pulmonary hypertension, hydrocephalus, facial and scalp venous prominence, intracranial venous hypertension, and neurocognitive decline.
De novo intracerebral arteriovenous malformations and a review of the theories of their formation
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2018
A. Dalton, G. Dobson, M. Prasad, N. Mukerji
In addition to the increasing number of reported acquired AVMs, there is a relative lack of reports of AVMs diagnosed prenatally. Excepting the vein of Galen malformation, only a handful of cases have been reported in the literature where foetal ultrasound or MRI have revealed an abnormality confirmed by neonatal digital subtraction angiography to be a pial arteriovenous malformation.27–30 Comstock and Kirk in 1991 found one case of AVM in 25,000 foetal USS scans (a 5cm frontal AVM) and three veins of Galen malformations. No malformation was visible prior to the third trimester. De Cesare reported the case of neonatal diagnosis of a temporal AVM with foetal ultrasound that was confirmed to be the case with neonatal MRI. The AVM had regressed by 4 months. Auyeung et al. reported a case of USS detecting what appeared to be an arachnoid cyst in the Sylvian region that neonatal imaging revealed to be an AVM with large venous pouch. Eguchi et al. reported a similar case of prenatal diagnosis of ICH within a large cyst by foetal MRI that subsequently was shown with neonatal DSA to be a haemorrhage from a grade one AVM. They inferred it to have bled toward the end of the 3rd trimester.