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Burkholderia
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Danielle L. Peters, Jaclyn G. McCutcheon, Karlene H. Lynch, Jonathan J. Dennis
Of all the Burkholderia species, the most prevalent foodborne pathogen is B. gladioli pv. cocovenenans. Other Burkholderia species are also capable of causing foodborne disease, even though these appear to occur only rarely. Being a relatively unknown foodborne pathogen, B. gladioli pv. cocovenenans is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in certain parts of the world. There are substantial challenges involved in identifying these bacteria, with respect to both the biology of the organism and the socioeconomic conditions of the affected regions. Because the disease caused by B. gladioli pv. cocovenenans is an intoxication that depends on the presence of bongkrekic acid (and possibly toxoflavin) rather than the bacterium, steps should be taken to limit the growth of B. gladioli pv. cocovenenans and restrict the environmental conditions that enhance toxin production. Bongkrekic acid is produced in warm environments with a neutral pH, and is also dependent on the presence of fatty acids, particularly those found in coconut and corn. By appropriately adjusting the pH and salt concentrations during fermentation, and preventing the growth of fungal coculture triggers, fermented foods and beverages can be safely produced with a reduced likelihood of toxin production.
Burkholderia Cepacia Complex (BCC) in Cystic Fibrosis
Published in Meera Chand, John Holton, Case Studies in Infection Control, 2018
Elizabeth Sheridan, Dervla Kenna, Jane Turton, Emma Lake
The Cystic Fibrosis Trust (http://Cysticfibrosis.org.uk) publishes useful guidelines such as those listed below. The Burkholderia cepacia complex (Sept 2004) Suggestions for Prevention and Infection Control, 2nd ed. The UK Cystic Fibrosis Trust Infection Control Group.Antibiotic Treatment for Cystic Fibrosis, 3rd ed (May 2009) Report of the UK Cystic Fibrosis Trust Antibiotic Working Group.Laboratory standards for processing microbiological samples from people with cystic fibrosis (Sept 2010) Report of the UK Cystic Fibrosis Trust Microbiology Laboratory Standards Working Group. Cystic Fibrosis Trust.CF Trust, CF Today (summer 2006 ed) (www.cysticfibrosis.org.uk/media/82745/CF_Today_Summer_06.pdf).CF Trust, Melioidosis and tropical travel advice: (https://www.cysticfibrosis.org.uk/~/media/documents/life-with-cf/publications/factsheets/factsheet-melioidosis.ashx).
Section 6
Published in Padmanabhan Ramnarayan, MCQs in Paediatrics for the MRCPCH, Part 1, 2017
The bacteriology of sputum in CF changes from Staphylococcus aureus (in infancy) to Haemophilus to Pseudornonas (in childhood). Burkholderia was formerly Pseudornonas cepacia and is not common, but when it is present indicates rapid deterioration of respiratory function and cor pulmonale.
Experience of Ceftazidime/avibactam in a UK tertiary cardiopulmonary specialist center
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2021
Lisa Nwankwo, Zahraa Butt, Silke Schelenz
The 67% sensitivity to Ceftazidime/avibactam observed for MDR Pseudomonas in our mixed CF and non-CF patient cohorts, and also for MDR Klebsiella, is comparable to the 64% observed in a study on 17 P. aeruginosa isolates with MIC>8 in Canadian hospitals, where a fourfold reduction in MIC was observed with the addition of Avibactam to Ceftazidime [27]. Microbiological response rates for MDR P. aeruginosa were described as 57.1% in another study [28]. 71.2% Cure rates for multi-resistant pathogens [29] and 83% [30] for all Enterobacteriaceae (E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and E.cloacae) have been observed. Burkholderia spp. in patients with CF are often resistant to many antibiotics [31], but addition of avibactam to the combination enhances its action against Burkholderia spp [32,33]. by inhibiting the endogenous beta-lactamase; we observed 50% susceptibility in our study.
Risks associated with lung transplantation in cystic fibrosis patients
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2018
Susan S. Li, Dmitry Tumin, Katie A. Krone, Debra Boyer, Stephen E. Kirkby, Heidi M. Mansour, Don Hayes
In the first postoperative month, infections are nosocomial and related to the respiratory tract or indwelling catheters [42]. These organisms include typical nosocomial bacteria or Candida spp. [69]. CF-specific pathogens are implicated in infection, especially if these pathogens persist in the paranasal sinuses and upper airways [42]. Burkholderia spp. can cause immediate invasive disease with pneumonia, empyema, and death. There is variation in outcomes between the different subspecies of Burkholderia, and B. cenocepacia and B. gladioli can be particularly invasive [70]. Colonization with B cepacia decreases 1- and 5-year post-LTx survival by roughly 30% [71]. However, other Burkholderia subspecies are associated with similarly poor transplant outcomes, including B. multivorans and B. vietnamiensis [72]. As such, many transplant centers now consider infection with Burkholderia spp. an absolute contraindication to LTx. By contrast, colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa is not associated with worse posttransplant outcomes [73].
Drug discovery through the isolation of natural products from Burkholderia
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2021
Adam Foxfire, Andrew Riley Buhrow, Ravi S. Orugunty, Leif Smith
There is a long history for the use of Burkholderia species in agriculture, such as B. ambifaria. They are well known to have antagonistic activity against several plant pathogens, fix nitrogen, and aid in bioremediation [106]. However, their use in agriculture, given the risk to immunocompromised patient populations, has been restricted by the USDA. However, there is strong evidence suggesting that pathogenicity in Burkholderia species is largely limited to B. mallei, B. pseudomallei, and clinically isolated strains of the Bcc. Bcc members isolated from soil samples appear to lack the known mechanisms for virulence genes found in the clinical isolates. For instance, the B. contaminans MS14 strain used to produce occidiofungin has been shown to lack many of the known virulence factors present in clinical isolates [107]. There has been an increasing effort into differentiating the pathogenic strains from nonpathogenic strains in this genus, so that their biotechnological potential can be harnessed [108]. A better understanding of the virulence factors of Burkholderia could promote bioengineering studies to render potentially disease-causing strains of interest avirulent. In the event that a natural product of interest is identified in any given Burkholderia strain, then one can still use it in development efforts such as large-scale culture, isolation and purification efforts. These efforts are likely more realistic than efforts toward identifying a heterologous producing organism. Many of the biosynthetic gene cluster for many of the products described above are large and would likely not be amenable to heterologous expression systems.