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Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) Protocols in Cosmetic Microbiology
Published in Philip A. Geis, Cosmetic Microbiology, 2020
Laura M. Clemens, Harry L. Schubert
The HACCP program identified this as a hazard. The incoming water temperature was a critical control point and the flow path was monitored biologically during normal production and after the longest planned downtime to represent the worst case scenario. This monitoring occurred during the week and then immediately on Monday morning after a prolonged weekend of downtime. The biological monitoring detected sporadic recovery of low levels of Burkholderia cepacia on Monday mornings. The hazardous conditions present were: The water temperature could be maintained only prior to the addition and would drop in the tri-blender flow path when the device sat idle.The combination of the residual powder and purified water provided a suitable environment for organisms to grow. This became an inoculation source within the process.The Burkholderia cepacia organism acquires resistance very easily and is well known as the causative microbial agent involved in cosmetic product recalls.
Respiratory Medicine
Published in Stephan Strobel, Lewis Spitz, Stephen D. Marks, Great Ormond Street Handbook of Paediatrics, 2019
Colin Wallis, Helen Spencer, Sam Sonnappa
Prophylactic flucloxacillin is currently used from diagnosis to delay the onset of chronic staphylococcal infection as long as possible. As age increases there may be persistent symptoms of cough, chronic sputum production and wheeze related to the development of long-term airway damage and bronchiectasis. The major pathogen that increases in prevalence with age is P aeruginosa. When initial infection occurs it should be treated with oral ciprofloxacin and inhaled colomycin in an attempt to achieve eradication. Prophylactic inhaled colomycin or tobramycin may be needed long term. Intensive 2 week courses of IV antibiotics are often necessary to control Pseudomonas-related lung infection. Burkholderia cepacia is another important organism, usually multi-resistant, which can cause severe and even fatal lung disease in a small but important number of cases. The role of non-tuberculous mycobacteria are receiving increasing attention as a disease-causing pathogen in CF.
Burkholderia
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Danielle L. Peters, Jaclyn G. McCutcheon, Karlene H. Lynch, Jonathan J. Dennis
The genus Burkholderia covers a diverse group of gram-negative β-proteobacteria, with at least 60 recognized or proposed species. Research to date has mostly focused on the pathogenicity of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei. The Bcc includes more than 20 species that cause serious infections in plants, animals, and humans.1–3 However, these organisms can also be beneficial toward humans and crops as they fix nitrogen, produce antibiotics and antifungals, and degrade organic compounds.4–6B. pseudomallei causes melioidosis, a disease with a variety of symptoms,7 while B. mallei causes glanders, an infection of horses that is rarely transmitted to humans.8
Antibiofilm and antimicrobial activity of curcumin-chitosan nanocomplexes and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole on Achromobacter, Burkholderia, and Stenotrophomonas isolates
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2023
Edeer Iván Montoya-Hinojosa, Humberto Antonio Salazar-Sesatty, Cynthia A. Alvizo-Baez, Luis D. Terrazas-Armendariz, Itza E. Luna-Cruz, Juan M. Alcocer-González, Licet Villarreal-Treviño, Samantha Flores-Treviño
Non-lactose fermenting Gram-negative bacteria other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii are increasing the cases of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) [1]. Infrequent species such as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Burkholderia cepacia complex (which includes Burkholderia cepacia and Burkholderia contaminans), and Achromobacter xylosoxidans are emerging as important opportunistic pathogens, particularly in hospitalized and immunocompromised patients, or with cystic fibrosis [2–5]. All three microorganisms can cause nosocomial respiratory and bloodstream infections [2,5], often with high morbidity and mortality. Current treatment of infections caused by these pathogens involves the administration of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SXT) as the primary drug of choice [6,7]. However, these microorganisms are frequently drug-resistant [3,6,7].
Ivacaftor for the treatment of cystic fibrosis in children under six years of age
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2020
Brianna C. Aoyama, Peter J. Mogayzel
Another recent study investigated the changes in respiratory microbiology associated with real-world long-term use of ivacaftor [16]. The retrospective cohort study analyzed data obtained between 2011 and 2016 from the UK CF registry of individuals over the age of 6 years with at least one G551D CFTR mutation who started ivacaftor treatment in 2013, were still on treatment in 2016, and had complete microbiology data, which was defined as known status, positive or negative, for each pathogen of interest for each year of the study. Pathogens of interest included Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus spp, and the Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) as these are commonly seen in people with CF, impart a significant treatment burden given the long duration of antibiotics required for treatment, and have implications for antimicrobial resistance. Secondary outcomes included time to infection with P. aeruginosa in patients not previously infected or time to clearance in patients with known infection.
Experience of Ceftazidime/avibactam in a UK tertiary cardiopulmonary specialist center
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2021
Lisa Nwankwo, Zahraa Butt, Silke Schelenz
A total of 35 culture positive samples were isolated from the 28 patients. Five NTM cultures were isolated from four patients and did not undergo further sensitivity testing as NTM is not routinely tested for ceftazidime/avibactam susceptibility. The NTM species isolated were all Mycobacterium abscessus (Mab). From the remaining 30 isolates eligible for susceptibility testing to Ceftazidime/avibactam, three MDR pseudomonas isolates were not tested. The MDR organisms isolated from the remaining 27 microbiology positive isolates include the genera of Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Burkholderia, Enterobacter, and Achromobacter. We observed an overall in vitro Ceftazidime/avibactam susceptibility of 56%; 15/27 isolates. There was 100% Ceftazidime/avibactam resistance to MDR Enterobacter aerogenes (1 isolate, New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM) resistance mechanism thus expected), 75% resistance to MDR Achromobacter (three-fourths isolates), and 50% to Burkholderia (two-fourths isolates). Two isolates of Burkholderia (both Burkholderia cepacia complex) demonstrated sensitivity to Ceftazidime/avibactam, and two were resistant (one was Burkholderia gladioli, and the other was Burkholderia vietnamiensis). Sixty-seven percent sensitivity was seen with MDR Pseudomonas (10/15 isolates) in mixed CF and non-CF patient cohorts, and 67% sensitivity for MDR Klebsiella (two-thirds isolates). Where there was failed ceftazidime/avibactam susceptibility to MDR pseudomonas, one isolate was found to be positive for metallo-beta-lactamase production, and one was determined through Variable-Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) Typing Analysis at the Reference lab, to be of the epidemic Manchester strain, a highly resistant and transmissible strain observed in some CF populations [25,26].