China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Doxycycline
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Melioidosis, caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, has a spectrum of manifestations, from septic shock with a mortality rate of > 60%, to other signs and symptoms with lesser degrees of mortality, such as pneumonia (White et al., 1989; Sookpranee et al., 1992; Simpson et al., 1999; White, 2003). Treatment courses consist of at least 10 days of intravenous therapy, prior to the eradication phase, with ceftazidime or a carbapenem, followed by a long eradication phase of oral antimicrobials. Co-trimoxazole is first-line eradication treatment, with amoxicillin–clavulanate as an alternative. Doxycycline is an alternative eradication agent used in Northern Australian melioidosis-treatment protocols (Dawson and Schachter, 1985; Rajchanuvong et al., 1995; Chaowagul et al., 1999; Chetchotisakd et al., 2001; Mabey and Solomon, 2003; Mabey et al., 2005; Chaowagul et al., 2005; Pitman et al., 2015).
Case 15: A Confused Traveller
Published in Layne Kerry, Janice Rymer, 100 Diagnostic Dilemmas in Clinical Medicine, 2017
On the third day of admission, the patient's oxygen requirements rose and he developed dyspnoea. A repeat chest x-ray showed features consistent with acute respiratory distress syndrome. He was transferred to the intensive care unit and required intubation and assisted ventilation shortly afterward. Following review of the blood cultures, which were growing a Pseudomonas-type organism, the infectious diseases team advised that his antibiotics be switched from ceftriaxone to meropenem to cover for possible melioidosis. Burkholderia pseudomallei was subsequently isolated from the blood cultures.
FAM26F: An Enigmatic Protein Having a Complex Role in the Immune System
Published in International Reviews of Immunology, 2023
Melioidosis, caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, is a severe infectious disease with a 40% mortality rate even with appropriate treatments. The results of a microarray based study identified FAM26F to be a top classifier gene and thus a candidate diagnostic signature discriminating septicemic melioidosis caused by B. pseudomallei from sepsis caused by other pathogens [11]. Another transcriptome analysis study indicated that treatment of human PBMCs with increasing concentrations of the Staphylococcus aureus super antigens induced >10 fold increase in FAM26F transcription along with other inflammation-associated gene networks, corresponding to a very strong Th1- and Th17 dominated immune response [12]. Similarly, a genome-wide, temporal response of mice to lethal intranasal challenge of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) causing toxic shock syndrome was investigated in six tissues. FAM26F was identified as one of the 11 unique genes (Irf1, Irf8, Fam26f, Irgm2, Cxcl9, Cxcl10, Cxcl11, Cd274, Parp14, Stat1, and Serpina3g) showing highest expression at 5 hours post-SEB challenge in PBMCs and/or spleen [13]. Interestingly all other members in the group include genes whose secreted products induce the IFN pathway and thus are part of a host-wide IFN-response, proposing a similar function for FAM26F as well.
Identification of candidate blood biomarkers for the diagnosis of septicaemic melioidosis based on WGCNA
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2022
Li Yin, Yuanyuan Chen, Tingting Fu, Lin Liu, Qianfeng Xia
Melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, a kind of Gram-negative bacillus. Cases have been reported in different regions around the world, including Thailand, China, and Australia etc. In China, it is mainly distributed in provinces of Hainan, Guangdong and Guangxi. People infected with B.pseudomallei are those who have been exposed mainly through inhalation or skin wounds to contaminated soil and water. Sepsis is the most prevalent type of melioidosis and MiRNAs are extensively explored in the diagnosis of sepsis as serum sepsis biomarkers [1]. The misdiagnosis rate could reach 80–90% due to factors such as lack of specificity and slow presentation of bacterial culture results [2]. The patients could be misdiagnosed as pulmonary infection, pulmonary tuberculosis, hepatitis, malaria, and general sepsis, etc. Compared with other infections, B. pseudomallei-induced sepsis has a high mortality rate. Therefore, better diagnostic tests are needed to improve the earlier diagnosis, initiation of appropriate therapy and increase the survival rate of sepsis caused by B. pseudomallei. The ideal biomarkers should be able to rapidly and specifically screen patients with sepsis caused by B. pseudomallei from those patients caused by other pathogens.
Antibacterial carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: an update on the recent literature
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2020
Claudiu T. Supuran, Clemente Capasso
Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram-negative saprophytic bacterium responsible for melioidosis, an endemic disease of tropical and subtropical regions of the world [93]. In this bacterium, the β-CA and γ-CAs were cloned, purified, and characterized. They are indicated with the acronyms BpsCAβ and BpsCAγ, respectively. The kinetic parameters for the physiological CO2 hydration reaction to bicarbonate and protons, was kcat of 1.6 × 105 s−1 and kcat/KM of 3.4 × 107 M−1 s−1 for the enzyme belonging to the β-class [93], whereas BpsCAγ showed a kcat of 5.3 × 105 s−1 and kcat/KM of 2.5 × 107 M−1 s−1 [94].