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Factors Controlling the Microflora of the Healthy Mouth
Published in Michael J. Hill, Philip D. Marsh, Human Microbial Ecology, 2020
The motile rods of dental plaque are conspicuous in dark field or phase contrast microscopy of wet mounts of plaque samples.49 Several species of oral, Gram-negative rods are motile by means of flagella. Among these are the microaerophilic Campylobacter sputorum and C. concisus, which are curved rods with a single, polar flagellum.81Wolinellarecta and W. curva are anaerobic, Gram-negative rods also having a single flagellum;82 they may previously have been identified as oral Vibrio species. Selenomonas sputigena is a curved to helical, Gram-negative, anaerobic rod with a tuft of flagella near the center of the concave side. Another motile, curved or helical, Gram-negative, anaerobic rod has been characterized recently as Centipeda periodontii. It has 50 or more flagella located in a linear zone, which spirals around the cell, and it shows spreading growth on the surface of blood agar.83,84 Other types of motility than that mediated by flagella are the gliding movement of Capnocytophaga species and the twitching motility of B. gracilis and B. ureolyticus.
Oral Health
Published in K. Balamurugan, U. Prithika, Pocket Guide to Bacterial Infections, 2019
Ana Moura Teles, José Manuel Cabeda
Other researchers supported by NGS methodologies on the microbiome of populations with a low and high prevalence of caries found that adolescents in Romania, who had limited access to dental care, were colonized with S. mutans and S. sobrinus. In contrast, adolescents in Sweden, who benefit from good dental care, were colonized only rarely with those two closely related species of streptococci, but were colonized by more species of Actinomyces, Selenomonas, Prevotella, and Capnocytophaga (Johansson et al. 2016).
Etiologies of obesity
Published in G. Michael Steelman, Eric C. Westman, Obesity, 2016
Other suspected infectious agents promoting obesity Chlamydia pneumoniae–The first bacterium reported to be associated with increased BMI in humans. At this time, the link remains somewhat uncertain (95).Selenomonas noxiaHelicobacter pyloriHerpes simplex viruses 1 and 2Gut microflora (microbiome)
Understanding the bacterial compositional network associations between oral and gut microbiome within healthy Koreans
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2023
Jinuk Jeong, Kung Ahn, Seyoung Mun, Kyeongeui Yun, Yeon-Tae Kim, Won Jung, Kyung Eun Lee, Moon-Young Kim, Yongju Ahn, Kyudong Han
In co-occurrence analysis to identify compositional networks between bacterial genera, we found that normal flora in the oral cavity such as Veillonella, Megaspaera, Granulicatella, Gemella, Actinomyces, and Neisseria, formed positive correlations in the first network with Streptococcus and Haemophilus within each KO type [40–42]. In contrast, opportunistic infectious oral pathogenic bacteria, such as Selenomonas and Treponema, had negative correlations [43–45]. These results supported that the oral microbiome type clustering analysis was conducted on healthy groups without microbial-related oral diseases. Additionally, within the S type, we focused on the Rothia genus forms second networks with high positive correlation values with many bacterial genera that showed first correlations with the Streptococcus. Although Rothia is normal flora within the human oral cavity, it is opportunistic infectious bacteria with the potential to cause immune diseases in the host by producing enterobactin (a siderophore compound) [46,47]. Through the co-occurrence analysis, we could estimate the possibility of diseases caused by microorganisms within the S type. Additionally, we examined the bacterial compositional network in four KOGA types but found results almost similar to those of the upper cluster, the KO type.
Maintaining oral health for a hundred years and more? - An analysis of microbial and salivary factors in a cohort of centenarians
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2022
Caroline Sekundo, Eva Langowski, Diana Wolff, Sébastien Boutin, Cornelia Frese
By using Deseq2 for differential abundance analysis, we could show that this difference in diversity was due to a number of bacteria differentially enriched or depleted between dentate and edentulous centenarians (Figure 4(a,b)). At the level of amplicon variants, a higher relative abundance of 43 ASVs could be found for dentate individuals in salivary samples (vs. 2 ASVs classified as Streptococcus spp. which were more often found in edentulous participants). Similar results were found in plaque samples, where a total of 74 ASVs had a higher relative abundance in dentate individuals, vs. 11 ASVs with a higher relative abundance in edentulous centenarians. Of the latter, Streptococcus spp. also had the highest relative abundance. However, the Log2 (fold change) values regarding differences in the abundance of Streptococcus spp. between dentate and edentulous individuals in both plaque and saliva were moderate (Log2 (fold change) between −1.14 and −3.43, p adj. ≤ 0.001, Figure 4b). Among the many species with a relative higher abundance in dentate individuals, anaerobic Prevotella spp., Campylobacter spp., Anaeroglobus spp., Selenomonas spp., Porphyromonas endodontalis and Fusobacterium spp. had the highest Log2 (fold change) in both plaque and salivary samples (Log2 fold change > 20 for all species listed, p adj. < 0.001, see Figure 4b).
Streptococcus mutans-associated bacteria in dental plaque of severe early childhood caries
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2022
Yixin Zhang, Jiakun Fang, Jingyi Yang, Xiaolei Gao, Liying Dong, Xuan Zheng, Liangjie Sun, Bin Xia, Na Zhao, Zeyun Ma, Yixiang Wang
Selenomonas was predicted as another caries risk biomaker of SECC group with low level or without S. mutans in our study. Consistent with our results, a previous report showed that levels of Selenomonas spp. were found at relatively high levels in some subjects whose samples did not contain Lactobacillus or S. mutans [28]. Selenomonas may play a potentially complex role in caries progression. In previous studies, uncultivated Selenomonas species were associated with root caries in elderly patients [29] and coronal caries in young children [30]. The oral species S. sputigena has been shown to grow on lactate and to produce acetate, propionate and succinate [31]. Selenomonas species has been shown to both ferment glucose and utilize lactate in studies of rumen bacteria [32].